Habilidad social y funcionamiento social en pacientes con esquizofrenia

Se indaga la relación entre habilidad social y funcionamiento social en 100 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia. Se evalúan las habilidades sociales mediante el Test de Interacción Social Simulada (SSIT) y las diferentes dimensiones del funcionamiento social, a partir de la Escala de Funcionamiento Social (SFS). Los resultados indican que las habilidades sociales están significativamente relacionadas con el funcionamiento social de los pacientes con esquizofrenia, indicando que las personas con mayor habilidad social tienden a presentar un mayor funcionamiento social y que esta correlación se produce fundamentalmente a expensas de dos de las dimensiones del funcionamiento social: comunicación y empleoThe relations between Social Skill and Social Functioning were examined in a group of 100 schizophrenic patients. Social skill and Social functioning were assessed with The Simulated Social Interacction Test (SSIT) and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) respectively. The results indicated that social skills were significantly related to social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. Two dimensions of the Social Functioning Scale were particularly related to social skill: Comunication and Employment

Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS): psychometric characteristics of a Spanish adaptation in a clinical population

Background: The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is an instrument that can be easily applied for routine evaluation of the impact of mental disorders on patient functioning. In spite of the interest in its use, there is very little information available on its psychometric characteristics and even less in Spanish. Aims: The objective of this study was to analyse its psychometric characteristics. Method: The sample consisted of 441 patients treated in a community mental health unit. They filled out the WSAS and two psychopathology measures, one for anxiety and the other for depression. Fifty-five of them, chosen at random, were asked to fill out the scale again a second time to explore its temporal reliability. Results: The scale showed high internal consistency, a single factor that explained 60.4% of the variance, and temporal reliability of .78 for the total score. Significant correlations were found between the WSAS scores and the psychopathological measures, as well as significant differences between those working and those on leave. Conclusions: The results confirm the validity and reliability of the scale and support its possible use for routine evaluation of the functional impact of mental disorders

Fiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) en pacientes con diagnóstico de psicosis

Se estudia la fiabilidad y validez de La Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) en una muestra de 107 pacientes con diagnóstico de psicosis tratados/as en una Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria. Los resultados indican una alta consistencia interna, una satisfactoria fiabilidad temporal y confirman la validez de constructo del instrumento. La amplia difusión de esta escala, así como su fácil aplicación y sus aceptables características psicométricas apoyan el interés de su utilización en pacientes con diagnóstico de psicosis.Reliability and validity of a Spanish adaptation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were tested on a sample of 107 psychotic outpatients treated at a Community Mental Healh Center. Results confirm a high internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity. The widespread application of the scale, simple application and acceptable psychometric characteristics support the interest on its use use for patients with psychotic diagnosis

Validación de la versión española del Cuestionario Breve de Evitación Experiencial (BEAQ) en población clínica

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) has been suggested as the most appropriate instrument for measuring experiential avoidance. However, no Spanish validation has been published. The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the BEAQ in a clinical sample treated at a community mental health unit. Methods: Participants (N = 332) completed the BEAQ as well as other self-report measures of experiential avoidance and psychopathology. Results: Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = .82). No statistically significant gender differences were found in the BEAQ scores. The data also showed high test-retest reliability after four to six weeks, acceptable concurrent validity with another experiential avoidance measure and acceptable convergent validity with the psychopathology measure. The principal component analysis, forcing the one factor solution proposed in the original scale, produced indicators similar to the English version of the BEAQ. Conclusions: These results firmly support the reliability and validity of this Spanish validation, stressing its usefulness as a measure of experiential avoidance in clinical populations.Antecedentes: el Cuestionario Breve de Evitación Experiencial (BEAQ) ha sido propuesto como el instrumento más adecuado para medir la evitación experiencial. Sin embargo, todavía no ha sido publicada ninguna validación en español. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio ha sido la validación de una versión española del BEAQ, en una muestra clínica atendida en un Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario. Método: los participantes (N = 332) completaron el BEAQ, así como otras medidas de autoinforme de evitación experiencial y psicopatología. Resultados: la consistencia interna fue satisfactoria (α = .82). No se encontraron diferencias de género estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones del BEAQ. Los datos también mostraron una alta fiabilidad test-retest en un intervalo de cuatro a seis semanas, validez concurrente aceptable con otra medida de evitación experiencial y validez convergente aceptable con la medida de psicopatología. El análisis de componentes principales forzando a la solución de un factor, como se propuso en la escala original, obtuvo unos indicadores similares a los obtenidos en dicha versión inglesa. Conclusiones: los resultados confirman la adecuada fiabilidad y validez de la presente versión española del BEAQ, destacando su utilidad como medida de la evitación experiencial en población clínica

La evitación experiencial y la autoestima como factores de vulnerabilidad psicosocial en los trastornos emocionales: ¿variables independientes o relacionadas?

El presente trabajo de tesis doctoral incluye un primer estudio en el que se adapta y valida el instrumento Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ; Gámez et al., 2014) en población española con trastornos emocionales. Esta escala mide el constructo de evitación experiencial, dimensión funcional que ha recibido una creciente atención en las últimas dos décadas. Entre las variables que consistentemente han sido relacionadas con la evitación experiencial han estado los trastornos emocionales. Concretamente, diversos estudios han apoyado la relación entre una mayor evitación experiencial y problemas de depresión y de ansiedad. Para este estudio se utilizó una muestra de 135 personas atendidas en una Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria (USMC) perteneciente al Servicio Andaluz de Salud y con diagnóstico de trastorno emocional. Se analizaron indicadores de consistencia interna, fiabilidad temporal, validez concurrente y convergente así como se exploró la estructura factorial del instrumento. A la vista de los resultados, se concluye destacando las adecuadas características psicométricas de la presente adaptación española del BEAQ, que apoyan su utilización como instrumento de medición de la evitación experiencial en población clínica española con trastornos emocionales. El segundo estudio de la presente tesis doctoral se lleva a cabo para profundizar en el conocimiento de la relación entre evitación experiencial y los trastornos emocionales. Para ello, se plantea un posible efecto de mediación de la variable autoestima, en dicha relación. Este análisis se realizó mediante un diseño transversal en una muestra de 174 pacientes atendidos en una Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria (USMC) perteneciente al Servicio Andaluz de Salud y que cumplían con alguno de los criterios diagnósticos de los distintos trastornos emocionales según la CIE-10. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el BEAQ para la medición de la evitación experiencial, la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, el PHQ-9 para la sintomatología depresiva y el GAD-7 para la ansiosa. Los análisis de mediación se realizaron utilizando la macro PROCESS del SPSS (Hayes, 2013). Los resultados confirman el papel mediador de la autoestima tanto en la relación entre evitación experiencial y los síntomas depresivos, como en la relación entre evitación experiencial y los síntomas ansiosos. Estos datos ponen de relieve la importancia tanto de la evitación experiencial como de la autoestima y apunta a ellos como procesos clave en intervenciones psicológicas que persigan prevenir o reducir los trastornos emocionales

El sexismo en las y los profesionales de salud mental: un factor de riesgo psicosocial para la detección de la desigualdad de género

Diversos organismos recomiendan a las y los profesionales de salud superar las propias creencias sexistas y apuntan a la importancia de abordar la desigualdad de género. En este sentido, este trabajo se centra en: (1) conocer los niveles de sexismo ambivalente en profesionales de salud mental, (2) analizar la asociación entre sexismo y características sociodemográficas y de perspectiva de género y (3) estudiar la asociación entre sexismo y detección de desigualdad de género en consulta. 449 profesionales de salud mental completaron la Escala de Sexismo Ambivalente, así como otro cuestionario desarrollado ad-hoc. Se realizaron análisis no paramétricos. Los datos mostraron, entre otros aspectos, un nivel bajo de sexismo en la muestra, así como que las y los profesionales que manifestaron niveles significativamente más bajos de sexismo, detectaron más problemas de desigualdad en consulta. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de reducir el sexismo de las y los profesionales para identificar los problemas de desigualdad de género.Some organizations recommend that healthcare professionals overcome their own sexist beliefs and emphasize the importance of dealing with gender inequality. Thus, this study focused on: (1) find out the levels of ambivalent sexism in a network of mental health professionals in Spain, (2) analyze the association between sexism, sociodemographic cha-racteristics and gender perspective, and (3) study the association between sexism and gender inequality detection during clinical attention. The sample was comprised of 449 mental health professionals who filled in the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and another ad hoc questionnaire developed. Variables were compared by nonparametric analysis. The data showed low levels of sexism in the sample, and that the professionals who obtained lower levels of sexism found more problems related to gender inequality during clinical attention. The results underline the importance of intervention for reducing sexism of professionals in order to contribute to a more unbiased detection of problems of gender inequality

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Habilidades sociales y apoyo social en esquizofrenia

Although both constructs of Social Skill and Social Support are known for their significance in the field of schizophrenia, the relationship between the two has hardly been explored. The available research is generally limited to the structural dimension of Social Support and it tends to be based on small, heterogenous samples. This study tries to explore the relationship between Social Skill and structural and functional Social Support variables using 95 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to RDC criteria, who attended a Community Mental Health Center. Eighteen of these individuals are women, and the mean age of the sample is 29,2 years old. Social Skill here is assessed by the Simulated Social Interaction Test, and the Mannheim Interview on Social Support is used to assess the Social Support. The results show weak, though significant correlation between Social Skill and structural and functional dimensions of ¿non-familial¿ Social Support: Network Size (r= .29, p< 0.01), Frecuecy of Contact (r= .24, p< 0.05), Multiplexity (r= .24, p< 0.05), Psychological Everyday Support (r= .29, p<0.01), Psychological Crisis Support (r= .30 < 0.01) and Instrumental Crisis Support (r= .21, p< 0.05). With the exception of Psychological Crisis Support, Social Skills does not correlate with ¿familial¿ Social Support. The results show that the relationship between both constructs depends on the source of Social Support and it suggest that Social Skill is mainly associated with the ¿non-familial¿ social suppor

Behavior Problems Inventory -BPI-. Psychometric characteristics of an instrument for routine assessment of persons with psychoses and related disorders

This study explores the psychometric characteristics of the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI), an instrument for routine clinical assessment of behavior problems in outpatients with psychosis based on information provided by key family informants. Six hundred and twenty-one patients diagnosed with psychosis and bipolar affective disorder (ICD-10 F20-F31) attended at Community Mental Health Units were evaluated in routine reviews using the BPI and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Twenty-five subjects were simultaneously administered the Social Behavior Schedule (SBS) and 28 were again administered the BPI eight weeks later. The instrument shows adequate psychometric characteristics with high internal consistency and robust temporal reliability, as well as satisfactory concurrent and construct validity. Factor analysis identified three factors: Underactivity/Social Withdrawal, Active Problems and Lack of Impulse Control, with adequate saturation of the items on each of the factors. The BPI is easy to apply, reliable and valid, takes up little of valuable clinical time, allowing routine assessment in public service contexts for persons diagnosed with psychosis and bipolar affective disorder for whom key family informants are available