Validación de la versión española del Cuestionario Breve de Evitación Experiencial (BEAQ) en población clínica

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) has been suggested as the most appropriate instrument for measuring experiential avoidance. However, no Spanish validation has been published. The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the BEAQ in a clinical sample treated at a community mental health unit. Methods: Participants (N = 332) completed the BEAQ as well as other self-report measures of experiential avoidance and psychopathology. Results: Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = .82). No statistically significant gender differences were found in the BEAQ scores. The data also showed high test-retest reliability after four to six weeks, acceptable concurrent validity with another experiential avoidance measure and acceptable convergent validity with the psychopathology measure. The principal component analysis, forcing the one factor solution proposed in the original scale, produced indicators similar to the English version of the BEAQ. Conclusions: These results firmly support the reliability and validity of this Spanish validation, stressing its usefulness as a measure of experiential avoidance in clinical populations.Antecedentes: el Cuestionario Breve de Evitación Experiencial (BEAQ) ha sido propuesto como el instrumento más adecuado para medir la evitación experiencial. Sin embargo, todavía no ha sido publicada ninguna validación en español. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio ha sido la validación de una versión española del BEAQ, en una muestra clínica atendida en un Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario. Método: los participantes (N = 332) completaron el BEAQ, así como otras medidas de autoinforme de evitación experiencial y psicopatología. Resultados: la consistencia interna fue satisfactoria (α = .82). No se encontraron diferencias de género estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones del BEAQ. Los datos también mostraron una alta fiabilidad test-retest en un intervalo de cuatro a seis semanas, validez concurrente aceptable con otra medida de evitación experiencial y validez convergente aceptable con la medida de psicopatología. El análisis de componentes principales forzando a la solución de un factor, como se propuso en la escala original, obtuvo unos indicadores similares a los obtenidos en dicha versión inglesa. Conclusiones: los resultados confirman la adecuada fiabilidad y validez de la presente versión española del BEAQ, destacando su utilidad como medida de la evitación experiencial en población clínica

Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS): psychometric characteristics of a Spanish adaptation in a clinical population

Background: The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is an instrument that can be easily applied for routine evaluation of the impact of mental disorders on patient functioning. In spite of the interest in its use, there is very little information available on its psychometric characteristics and even less in Spanish. Aims: The objective of this study was to analyse its psychometric characteristics. Method: The sample consisted of 441 patients treated in a community mental health unit. They filled out the WSAS and two psychopathology measures, one for anxiety and the other for depression. Fifty-five of them, chosen at random, were asked to fill out the scale again a second time to explore its temporal reliability. Results: The scale showed high internal consistency, a single factor that explained 60.4% of the variance, and temporal reliability of .78 for the total score. Significant correlations were found between the WSAS scores and the psychopathological measures, as well as significant differences between those working and those on leave. Conclusions: The results confirm the validity and reliability of the scale and support its possible use for routine evaluation of the functional impact of mental disorders

Fiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) en pacientes con diagnóstico de psicosis

Se estudia la fiabilidad y validez de La Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) en una muestra de 107 pacientes con diagnóstico de psicosis tratados/as en una Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria. Los resultados indican una alta consistencia interna, una satisfactoria fiabilidad temporal y confirman la validez de constructo del instrumento. La amplia difusión de esta escala, así como su fácil aplicación y sus aceptables características psicométricas apoyan el interés de su utilización en pacientes con diagnóstico de psicosis.Reliability and validity of a Spanish adaptation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were tested on a sample of 107 psychotic outpatients treated at a Community Mental Healh Center. Results confirm a high internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity. The widespread application of the scale, simple application and acceptable psychometric characteristics support the interest on its use use for patients with psychotic diagnosis

Habilidad social y funcionamiento social en pacientes con esquizofrenia

Se indaga la relación entre habilidad social y funcionamiento social en 100 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia. Se evalúan las habilidades sociales mediante el Test de Interacción Social Simulada (SSIT) y las diferentes dimensiones del funcionamiento social, a partir de la Escala de Funcionamiento Social (SFS). Los resultados indican que las habilidades sociales están significativamente relacionadas con el funcionamiento social de los pacientes con esquizofrenia, indicando que las personas con mayor habilidad social tienden a presentar un mayor funcionamiento social y que esta correlación se produce fundamentalmente a expensas de dos de las dimensiones del funcionamiento social: comunicación y empleoThe relations between Social Skill and Social Functioning were examined in a group of 100 schizophrenic patients. Social skill and Social functioning were assessed with The Simulated Social Interacction Test (SSIT) and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) respectively. The results indicated that social skills were significantly related to social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. Two dimensions of the Social Functioning Scale were particularly related to social skill: Comunication and Employment

Esquizofrenia y género

Las investigaciones sobre género y esquizofrenia han experimentado un creciente desarrollo en las últimas décadas, originando un elevado volumen de datos que confirman el interés de esta variable para el estudio de la etiología, diagnóstico, curso y provisión de servicios de la esquizofrenia. El presente estudio trata de revisar las aportaciones más relevantes en este ámbito, presentando los resultados de mayor consenso y analizando las limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas observadas en estas investigaciones. Se destaca que la mayoría de estas investigaciones muestran una limitada integración de los conceptos elaborados desde la perspectiva de género, predominando hallazgos empíricos explorados e interpretados desde un análisis diferencialista y/o psicométrico que, con frecuencia, tiende a ignorar los condicionantes psicosociales de los roles de género como elementos explicativos de los fenómenos implicados en la relación género/ esquizofrenia.During the last past few decades, the study of gender has become a widely studied variable among schizophrenia researchers. This, in turn, gave rise to a large number of studies confirming its importance in the study of etiology, diagnostics, course, and delivery services in schizophrenia. The present study systematically reviews gender effects on schizophrenia by showing the most consistent findings as well as examining conceptual and methodological shortcomings observed in individual studies. The results of this analysis show that most of the research in this area insufficiently integrates gender issues in schizophrenia. Moreover, these studies are interpreted from a psychometric point of view, which often ignores the important role of psychosocial determinants that help explaining the impact of gender issues in schizophrenia research

Calidad asistencial de la psicología clínica en el Servicio Andaluz de Salud evaluada por los facultativos

Objetivo: evaluación de la calidad asistencial de los servicios de psicología clínica en el Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS) desde la perspectiva de los/as facultativos/as. Método: investigación descriptiva; se elaboró un cuestionario de 39 ítems que evalúa diferentes dimensiones de la calidad asistencial (prevención, accesibilidad, idoneidad de intervenciones de evaluación y tratamiento, seguridad, y coordinación); han participado 83 facultativos/as especialistas de psicología clínica del SAS, lo que supone un 32’17% de la población de referencia en el momento de la recogida de datos.Resultados:la calidad asistencial actual de las prestaciones de psicología clínica en el SAS, partiendo de una ratio de 3,05 facultativos por cada100.000 habitantes, es deficiente, sobre todo en las variables de prevención, intensidad de las intervenciones de tratamiento y seguridad, y especialmente preocupante en los dispositivos del segundo nivel asistencial.Conclusiones: es urgente aumentar el número de profesionales especialistas en psicología clínica por cada 100.000 habitantes para reducir el riesgo que supone para los usuarios la deficiente intensidad con que se practican los tratamientos psicológicos; asimismo, es necesario establecer estándares de la carga de trabajo de los psicólogos clínicos para poder ofrecer una calidad asistencial adecuada, e integrar indicadores medibles de calidad en los sistemas de información de salud mental.Objective: Evaluation of healthcare quality of clinical psychology services in the Andalusian Health Service (SAS) from the perspective of the facultative. Method: Descriptive research. For data collection, a 39-item questionnaire was developed that assesses various dimensions of quality (prevention, accessibility, suitability of evaluation and treatment interventions, safety, and care coordination). A sample of 83 clinical psychologists responded to the questionnaire, representing 32.17% of the reference population, 258 facultative who, at the time of data collection make up the SAS staff. Results: The current quality of care of clinical psychology services in the SAS, based on a ratio of 3.05 clinical psychologists per 100,000 inhabitants, is deficient, especially in the dimensions of prevention, intensity of treatment interventions, and safety, and worrisome in the 2nd level of care. Conclusions: It is urgent to increase the ratio of clinical psychologists/100,000 inhabitants to reduce the risk posed for users by the deficient intensity with which psychological treatments are currently practiced. It is necessary to esta-blish standards for the workload of clinical psychologists in order to offer an adequate quality of care, and to integrate measurable indicators of quality in mental health information systems

La modelación biofísica y agroclimática: Asimilación y aplicación de la plataforma BioMA en Cuba para evaluar los impactos del cambio climático y opciones de adaptación

Este informe resume el trabajo realizado para hacer la transferencia de la plataforma BioMA a Cuba y sus primeras aplicaciones para evaluar los impactos del cambio climático y de opciones de adaptación del agro-manejo. Estos trabajos fueron conducidos en el contexto del proyecto BASAL Proyecto Bases Ambientales para la Sostenibilidad Alimentaria Local (BASAL), un proyecto de cooperación de Cuba con la Unión Europea, que pretende reducir las vulnerabilidades relacionadas con el cambio climático en el sector agrícola a nivel local y nacional.JRC.D.5-Food Securit

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire-Revised (PBIQ-R): Spanish adaptation in a clinical sample with psychotic disorders

Background: The way people with psychosis psychologically adapt and manage the diagnosis of such a mental disorder has been considered a key factor that contributes to the emergence and aggravation of emotional problems. These beliefs about illness can be very important due to their possible association with stigma and its implications in terms of loss of roles and social status. Given the importance of these personal beliefs about the specific diagnosis of psychosis, the Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire (PBIQ) and PBIQ-R have been developed. Aims: The present study aims to explore the psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the PBIQ-R in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of psychosis-related disorders. Method: Participants were 155 patients (54.8% male) of the Public Health Service in Andalusia (Spain). Those who consented to participate filled in the PBIQ-R, the Social Comparison Scale, and the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 to measure emotional symptoms. Results: All dimensions showed adequate internal consistency values: Cronbach’s alpha extends between .81 and .88; and McDonald’s omega ranges between .87 and .92. The temporal reliability for an interval of 3–4 weeks was high. The correlations between the PBIQ-R dimensions and the other variables included in the study were significant and in the expected direction. The factor analysis of the principal components of the PBIQ-R dimensions revealed a single factor in each of the dimensions that explained 64–74%. Conclusions: The results support the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the PBIQ-R