Evaluation of visual evoked potentials in type II diabetes mellitus subjects attending a tertiary care hospital

Background: DM is the most common metabolic disorder in the world. The complications of DM take millions of lives every year. There is definite expectation to reason out both vasculopathy and neuropathy associated with DM leads to dysfunction along the visual pathway. The Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) as an electrophysiological method to assess conduction in type II DM subjects which is simple. This study attempted to detect earlier visual involvement before the clinical symptoms.Methods: VEP was recorded in 100 subjects (Diabetic 50 and Controls 50) P100 latency was compared between the diabetic and age, gender matched controls.Results: The study evidenced that the mean P 100 latency in DM subjects was found to be significantly prolonged when compared the that of controls.Conclusions: The study will help in supervising the earlier progress of neuropathy and earlier detection of nervous system involvement to reduce the morbidity of the diabetic subject and a special care to improve their quality of life

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SARGASSUM ILICIFOLIUM TURNER C. AGARDH ON ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY AND ATTENUATION OF SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED AMNESIA IN RODENTS

ABSTRACTObjective: In day to day life, occupational stress is responsible for oxidative stress by altering sleep cycle. Scopolamine induction of amnesia correlatesto stress-induced amnesia in youngsters. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the anti-amnesic effect of ethanolic extract and ethylacetate fraction of Sargassum ilicifolium Turner (C. Agardh) against scopolamine.Methods: In this study, seven groups of animals were used and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg b.wt/intraperitoneally) was administered to all groups exceptpositive control to induce memory loss. Elevated plus maze, Morris water maze served as an exteroceptive behavioral model in testing memory inyoung rats. Brain acetylcholinesterase, a biomarker enzyme was estimated. Finally histopathology of cerebral cortex was performed.Results: The extract and fraction treated group showed an interesting result in memory scores, and the significant enzyme inhibition might beresponsible to attenuate acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons to enhance memory. Finally, histopathology of cerebral cortex proved the neuroprotectiveeffect of S. ilicifolium. All the results were statistically significant.Conclusion: Neuroprotective role of S. ilicifolium Turner C.Agardh was highlighted well in this study and it will be interesting infuture to dissect outthe kinetics of individual components in the fraction and to strengthen the phytomolecule role by insilico studies.Keywords: Learning, Memory, Acetylcholinesterase, Sargassum ilicifolium Turner (C. Agardh)

MAXIMIZING THE LIFETIME AND SECURITY OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Recent technological advances have facilitated the widespread use of wireless sensor networks in many applications such as battle field surveillance, environmental observations, biological detection and industrial diagnostics. In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are typically power-constrained with limited lifetime, and so it’s necessary to understand however long the network sustains its networking operations. We can enhance the quality of monitoring in wireless sensor networks by increasing the WSNs lifetime. At the same time WSNs are deployed for monitoring in a range of critical domains such as military, healthcare etc. Accordingly, these WSNs are vulnerable to attacks. Now this proposed work concentrate on maximizing the security of WSNs with the already existing approach (i.e. combination of A* and fuzzy approach) for maximizing the lifetime of WSNs. This paper ensures sensed data security by providing authenticity, integrity, confidentiality. So, this approach provides more effective and efficient way for maximizing the lifetime and security of the WSNs

Thirumangai Azhvar Thiruvullam in Madal literature

In vaishnava sidhanta, Bridal mysticism is called as Nayaka-Nayaki bavam. This approach is named as Mathura Bakthi. Namazhalvar, Andal and Thirumangai Azhvar composed many poems in the approach of Bridal Mysticism. Among these pomes, Thirumangai Azhvar’s Siriya Thirumadal and Periya Thirumadal have the uniqueness. Through these poems Azhvar, describes the greatfull bliss through the sensuality. In the state of a bride azhvar named as Parakalanayaki.  In Periya Thirumozhi also the experiences of Parakalanayaki sang by Azhvar. The endless sufferings of Parakalanayaki to attain the god is described in the Siriya Thirumadal and Periya Thirumadal. Parkalanayaki saw the Kudakoothu of krishna, her hero and fall in love with him. She totally surrendered in the feet of her hero. She renounced her femininity; She strongly decided to attain her hero through Madaletram. She dared to reach him even though it was a ignorant approach.  Even though it was not acceptable in the Tamil culture, she said that she would continue to follow the Northern norms. This article deals the Bakthi approaches of Thirumangai Azhvar with the references of Siriya Thirumadal and Periya Thirumadal

Parakalanayaki in Periyathirumozhi

Acharya Hirudayam is a book written by the Azhagiya Manavalaperumal Nayanar, which explains the devotion of the Tiruvaimozhi bestowed by Nammaazhvar, the lyrical techniques, the philosophical meaning of the epics and the ascendancy of the Divyadesas enshrined by Aazhvar. This article is based on the philosophical interpretation of Nammaazhvar's Agaththurai songs in the book, in the context of Thirumangaiyalwar's internal songs. Thirumangaiyalvar, describing Paramanma as the leader and himself as the leader, ‘arrogant in wisdom; He will speak in the position of a womanizer in love. When Aazhlvar forgets his identity and take the position of Thalaivi, he changes his name from 'Parakalan' to 'Parakalanayaki'. As such, this article explains the philosophical meaning of the proverbial hymns with the help of the astonishing philosophical text

IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM DIGITARIA RADICOSA LEAVES

Green metallic nanoparticles were creating a new era in the field of green nanotechnology and its applications. Methanolic leaf extract of rare, endemic medicinally important herb, Digitaria radicosa used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). UV Visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles indicated by the peak observed at 442nm due to the excitation of surface plasmon resonance in the silver nanoparticles. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis showed the availability of functional groups which may involve in the silver nanoparticles synthesis. X-Ray Diffraction pattern illustrated the characteristic peaks of (111), (122), (231) facets of the centre crystalline and cubic face centred nature of silver nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed that synthesized green silver nanoparticles were of spherical in shape and size of around 90 nm. The free radical scavenging activity of silver nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro by using DPPH scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, reducing power assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. The antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens such as S. aureus and E .coli were determined by disc diffusion method. The results confirmed that these synthesized green silver nanoparticles identified to have significant in vitro antioxidant potential and good antibacterial activity.Keywords:Green Silver nanoparticles, SNPs, Digitaria radicosa leaf extract, UV Visible spectrophotometry, XRD, FT IR, SEM, in vitro antioxidant assays, antibacterial activity

Methionine content of some of the important species of Indian fishes

A very little work is reported on the methionine content of Indian fishes. This work was therefore undertaken to determine the methionine content of some of the important varieties of Indian fishes

Electric Field Analysis of Breast Tumor Cells

An attractive alternative treatment for malignant tumors that are refractive to conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, is electrical-pulse-mediated drug delivery. Electric field distribution of tissue/tumor is important for effective treatment of tissues. This paper deals with the electric field distribution study of a tissue model using MAXWELL 3D Simulator. Our results indicate that tumor tissue had lower electric field strength compared to normal cells, which makes them susceptible to electrical-pulse-mediated drug delivery. This difference could be due to the altered properties of tumor cells compared to normal cells, and our results corroborate this

Role of thyroid function tests in women with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: A relationship between the thyroid gland and the gonads is suggested by the far more frequent occurrence of thyroid disorders in women than in men and by the common appearance of goiter during puberty, pregnancy and the menopause. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may result in menstrual disturbances. Objective of current study is to study and correlate the thyroid function tests in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: After selecting the women, informed consent was obtained. The case history and clinical examination of them were done, requested to do thyroid functioning test in fasting status in early morning and the results were evaluated. Other required investigations as per requirement were done and the patients were managed accordingly. The thyroid function tests were done by radioimmuno assays in the lab.Results: There were 170 women who were included in the study. Out of all the types of menstrual irregularities, 50% (85) presented with oligomenorrhoea. We found that 132 women had normal thyroid status while 30 women had hypothyroidism out of them, 5 had subclinical hypothyroidism. Eight women had hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: As there is high incidence of thyroid diseases in our area, women with abnormal uterine bleeding are to be screened. This would also avoid unnecessary hormonal treatment and surgery in these patients

Mean Transverse Energy of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Photocathode

Nitrogen incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond ((N)UNCD) could be an enabling material platform for photocathode applications due to its high emissivity. While the quantum efficiency (QE) of UNCD was reported by many groups, no experimental measurements of the intrinsic emittance/mean transverse energy (MTE) have been reported. Here, MTE measurement results for an (N)UNCD photocathode in the photon energy range of 4.41 to 5.26 eV are described. The MTE demonstrates no noticeable dependence on the photon energy, with an average value of 266 meV. This spectral behavior is shown to not to be dependent upon physical or chemical surface roughness and inconsistent with low electron effective mass emission from graphitic grain boundaries, but may be associated with emission from spatially-confined states in the graphite regions between the diamond grains. The combined effect of fast-growing QE and constant MTE with respect to the excess laser energy may pave the way to bright UNCD photocathodes.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure