DETERMINATION OF BRADYCARDIA & TACHYCARDIA FROM ECG SIGNAL USING WAVELET TRANSFORM

The Automatic ECG signal analysis by wavelet transform (WT) along with MATLAB using signal processing and wavelet toolboxes to ease the process to calculate the set on points, and set off points, and time intervals within QRS complexes, T waves and P waves. This process will allow the analyses on the characteristics of each QRS complexes, T waves and P waves. This can be done by using Wavelet filter Coefficients, for this procedure following steps are used for filtration:- R-R interval detection QRS Complex Detection T wave and P wave detectio

Effect of gonadal hormones on hypophagic property of opioid antagonist Naloxone

Background: Studies have shown that hormonal fluctuations that occur over the estrous cycle in rats affect food intake. It is possible that estrogen affects food intake via Opioid system and other brain areas which are involved in regulation of food intake. Therefore it may affect the sensitivity of female rats to hypophagic effect of Opioid antagonist Naloxone. Testosterone in male rats also changes food intake. However, little is known about hoe these Gonadal hormones interact with Opioid receptors to modulate food intake. Objective: The aim of the study was to find out how Gonadal hormones affect hypophagic property of Naloxone. Methods: Basal food intake of 40 healthy adult females and 20 healthy adult male rats was recorded. Then they were injected intraperitoneally with Naloxone after fasting for 24 hrs. In female rats food intake was measured during different phases of the estrous cycle. All the rats were then subjected to gonadectomy. The food intake was measured after gonadectomy. The effect of Naloxone was also measured in deprivation paradigm after gonadectomy. Results: Female rats showed decreased food intake during proestrous and estrous phases. In female rats there was no hypophagia after Naloxone injection during these phases. Male rats showed hypophagia on Naloxone injection. Male rats showed increased food intake after gonadectomy. In female rats the increase in food intake was not significant when gonadectomy was done during metestrous and diestrous. However, Naloxone could induce hypophagia in all female rats after gonadectomy. Conclusion: Estrogen decreases food intake, it decreases sensitivity of female rats to hypophasic effects of Naloxone. Testosterone decreases food intake. Testosterone does not interfere with hypophagic effect of Naloxone

Android Based Health Monitoring

No Abstrac

Economic analysis of oral cephalosporins in the Indian market

Background: Bacterial infections require appropriate and affordable treatment. A number of antimicrobial formulations are available in the Indian scenario. Affordable prescriptions improve compliance rate of the patients. This study was planned to evaluate & analyse the variation in the cost of oral cephalosporins (single and combination) in the Indian market.Methods: Cost per tablet or capsule of cephalosporins being manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from two drug compendia. The difference in the maximum and minimum price and percentage variation in price was calculated.Results: There are a number of companies manufacturing a particular drug, eg. Tab Cefixime (200 mg) - 127 companies, Tab Cefpodoxime (200 mg) - 106 companies, Cap Cefalexin (500 mg) - 38 companies and amongst the combinations; Tab Cefixime (200 mg) + Tab Clavulanate (125 mg) - 51 companies, Tab Cefpodoxime (200 mg) + Tab Clavulanate (125 mg) - 32 companies. A wide variation was found amongst the drugs ranging from 1746% for Tab Cefpodoxime (200 mg) to just 8.4% for Tab Cefdinir (100 mg). A similar variation existed for the combination drugs 9900% for Tab Cefixime (250 mg) + Tab Ornidazole (500 mg) and 42.1% for Tab Cefpodoxime (200 mg) + Tab Ofloxacin (200 mg).Conclusions: This study shows a wide price variation of the same drugs manufactured by different companies. The manufacturing companies must aim to reduce the price variation while maintaining the quality and therapeutic efficacy in order to benefit patients and practitioners

An overview of information extraction techniques for legal document analysis and processing

In an Indian law system, different courts publish their legal proceedings every month for future reference of legal experts and common people. Extensive manual labor and time are required to analyze and process the information stored in these lengthy complex legal documents. Automatic legal document processing is the solution to overcome drawbacks of manual processing and will be very helpful to the common man for a better understanding of a legal domain. In this paper, we are exploring the recent advances in the field of legal text processing and provide a comparative analysis of approaches used for it. In this work, we have divided the approaches into three classes NLP based, deep learning-based and, KBP based approaches. We have put special emphasis on the KBP approach as we strongly believe that this approach can handle the complexities of the legal domain well. We finally discuss some of the possible future research directions for legal document analysis and processing

Secure and Energy Efficient Data Aggregation Technique for Cluster Based Wireless Sensor Network

In the past few years secure transmission of data along with efficiency is a serious issue for wireless sensor networks (WSNs).Clustering is a powerful and convenient way to enhance performance of the WSNs system. In this project work, a secure transmission of data for cluster-based WSNs (CWSNs) is studied, where the clusters are formed dynamically and infrequently. Basically protocols for CWSNs, called SET-IBS (Identity-Based digital Signature)scheme and SET-IBOOS (Identity-Based Online / Offline digital Signature)scheme, correspondingly. In SET-IBS, security relies on the hardness of the Dill-Hellman difficulty in the pairing area. Data aggregation is the process of abbreviation and combining sensor data in order to reduce the amount of data transmission in the network. This paper investigates the relationship between security and data aggregation process in wireless sensor networks. In this paper propose SET-IBS and data aggregation techniques for secure and efficient data transmission. For energy consumption using DRINA algorithm. DRINA means Data Routing for In-Network Aggregation, that has some key aspects such as high aggregation rate, a reduced number of messages for setting up a routing

A study comparing the change in drug utilization pattern in medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in seven years

Background: Medical intensive care unit is a type of intensive care unit that takes care of a range of medical illnesses with patients who are seriously ill and/or suffer from severe chronic illnesses. These patients are usually prescribed multiple drugs. Use of antimicrobial agents and injectable medications in setting of MICU is high as compared with other class of drugs and other hospital settings respectively. Periodic evaluation of drug utilization pattern needs to be done to enable suitable modifications in prescription of drugs to increase the therapeutic benefit and decrease the adverse effects. There could be changes in drug utilization pattern due to changes in disease pattern, development of newer drugs, resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hence comparison of past and present data needs to be done to find out the changes that occurred in drug utilization pattern over the years. Methods: Data was collected from June 2021 to Dec 2021 for prospective arm and June 2014 to December 2014 for retrospective arm was obtained from MICU of tertiary care hospital and Medical Record Department. Drug utilization pattern was analysed and compared with appropriate statistical tests. Results: Most common cause of MICU admission was infective diseases (71% and 67% respectively in retrospective and prospective arm). The drug prescribed frequently was pantoprazole and antimicrobial was ceftriaxone in both the study arms. Half of the drugs were prescribed by generic names in both arms. Conclusions: There was no change observed in drug utilization pattern and disease pattern in patients admitted to medical intensive care unit over the years in our institute

Drug promotional literature: Does pharmaceutical industry follow WHO guidelines?

Background: Promotional literature is an important tool for both pharmaceutical industry (marketing strategy) and physicians (up to date knowledge). Important ways of doing drug promotion are visual aids, leave behind, flip charts. World Health Organisation has laid down criteria for drug promotional literature.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was performed in Department of Pharmacology, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Mumbai. Total 137 drug promotional Literatures were randomly collected from different outpatient departments out of which 37 were excluded. 100 drug promotional literatures were evaluated by using WHO guidelines.Results: None of drug promotional literature fulfilled all WHO criteria. Though name of the active ingredient and brand name featured in 100% of the literature, 69% of them lacked information related to adverse drug reactions, precautions, contraindications and warnings. The approved therapeutic uses were mentioned in 96% but the dosage regimen in 38% only. Majority of the literature (80%) did not mention the drug interactions. References were given in 76% of the literature of which 87% were from journal article.Conclusions: Pharmaceutical industries do not follow WHO guidelines in toto to promote their product. Thus more strict regulations need to be implemented for proper promotion and dissemination of information about new drugs

Cost analysis study of oral antihypertensive agents available in Indian market

Background: Hypertension is one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and needs lifelong treatment. There is a wide range of variation in the prices of antihypertensive drugs marketed in India. Thus, a study was planned to find out price variations in the oral antihypertensive drugs available either singly or in combination and number of manufacturing companies for each, also to evaluate the difference in cost of different brands of same active drug by calculating percentage variation of cost.Methods: Cost of a particular drug being manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” July‑October 2013 and “Indian Drug Review” September 2013. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in price was calculated.Results: Percentage price variation of the commonly used drugs found was amlodipine (5 mg): 1128.57%, atenolol (12.5 mg): 683.53%, enalapril (10 mg): 394.67%, telmisartan (20 mg): 288.33%. Among the combination therapy, amlodipine + atenolol (5 + 50 mg): 673.79%, amlodipine + losartan (5 + 50 mg): 284.61%, telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide (40 + 12.5 mg): 293.85%, losartan + hydrochlorothiazide (50 + 12.5 mg): 384.62% variation.Conclusion: The average percentage price variation of different brands of the same oral antihypertensive drug manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences