The correlation between anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities in seven year old girls

The aim of this research was to determine whether there is a connection between anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities in normal and overweight seven year old girls. The sample consisted of 75 first grade girl students of elementary schools in the town of Niš, which were classified based on their BMI values in normal weight group (N = 47) and overweight group (N = 28).Anthropometric characteristics were determined by measuring 16 parameters of longitudinal, transversal, circular dimensionality and body mass, and subcutaneous fatty tissue by measuring skin fold thickness. For the assessment of motor abilities (explosive strength, coordination and speed), a battery of nine tests was applied. Relations between anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities were assessed by canonical correlation analysis. The results indicate that the correlations were statistically significant only in the group of overweight children (p = 0.00), and defined by three pairs of canonical factors. Factors of canonical correlation between anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities in a group of overweight girls indicate that body voluminosity and subcutaneous fatty tissue hinder the realization of motor tasks that require lifting or transferring body mass, while higher parameter values of longitudinal dimensionality contribute to a better performance in explosive strength of arms and legs, but impair coordinatio

MORPHO-MOTORIC STATUS AND LEVEL OF NUTRITION IN NINE-YEAR-OLD GIRLS

Abstract. The nutritional status of children is an important indicator of their physical and motor development, as well as one of the factors that affects their morpho-motoric status. The aim of this study was to determine differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities in nine-year-old girls with varying degrees of nutritional status. The research was conducted on a sample of 89 third grade elementary school students in Niš, aged 9.01 ± 0.28. Based on the BMI, three sub- samples were formed (normal weight, overweight and obese participants). Morphological status was determined by measuring the parameters of longitudinal, transversal and circular dimensionality, body weight and subcutaneous fatty tissue. Motor abilities (explosive strength, coordination and speed) were determined by a battery of nine tests. Differences in morphological and motor variables were determined by using MANOVA/ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. The results indicate that, in regards to the BMI, there are significant differences in morpho-motoric status in nine-year-old girls. Higher values of morphological characteristics, but also a lower level of explosive strength, speed and coordination were recorded in overweight and obese participants.Key words:  nutritional status, morphological characteristic, motor abilities, differences, girls

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

The aim of this research was to determine the trend of relations between the system of body characteristics and the system of explosive strength variables. 402 subjects aged 7 to 10 participated in this study. There were applied 17 measures for assessing the anthropometric characteristics and 4 test to assess explosive strength. Based on the obtained results on the relation of body characteristics and explosive strength it has been determined that there are significant relations of the two studied areas on the subsamples of subjects aged 8, 9 and 10. Relations on the subsample of subjects aged 7 are not statistically significant (p<0.05).  When it comes to the trend of relations between the ages of 7 to 10 a permanent increase is evident, except for the subsample of subjects aged 8, which shows a slight decline compared to the subjects aged 7. Based on the cross-correlation of the two studied area, it can be concluded that voluminosity and skinfolds measures appear negative (interfering) to tasks performance which highlights the explosive leg strength in all the subsamples of subjects

IGRAČKI OBLICI UMETNOSTI – PRIMENA PLESA U NASTAVI FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA

The paper gives a critical review of the application of different forms of dance in physical education teaching. Dance as a playful form of art was considered in many respects - as a kind of art, by its basic characteristics, its essence, as an aesthetic expression through essentially and formally beautiful. Dance forms are organized into three areas: folk dance, social dance and artistic dance. For each of the forms, as a part of art in space and time the basic types and their essential characteristics and benefits they can provide are specified. The study of dance in general embraces the historical, creative, aesthetic and critical dimensions. Dance is considered as a means of preserving culture and tradition, physical exercise and as an expression.U radu je dat kritički osvrt na primenu različitih oblika plesa u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja. Ples kao igrački oblik umetnosti razmatran je sa stanovišta vrste umetnosti, osnovnih karakteristika, suštine, estetskog izraza kroz suštinski i formalno lepo. Plesnih oblici su sistematizovani u tri oblasti: narodne igre, društveni ples i umetnički ples. Za svaki od oblika, kao dela prostorno-vremenske umetnosti navedene su osnovne vrste i njihove suštinske karakteristike i benefite koje mogu da pruže. Proučavanje plesa uopšte obuhvata istorijsku, kreativnu, estetsku i kritičku dimenziju. Sagledan je ples kao sredstvo očuvanja kulture i tradicije, ples kao fizičko vežbanje i ples kao ekspresija

FIZIČKA SPREMNOST DECE STAROSTI OD 10 I 11 GODINA PREMA UČEŠĆU U SPORTSKIM I FOLKLORNIM AKTIVNOSTIMA

This study aimed to examine the differences in physical fitness among younger school-age children according to sport participation. The sample consisted of 252 children, categorized into three groups based on their engagement in sports and folklore activities. The variables analyzed include body weight, body height, the toe touch, push-ups, the standing long jump, shuttle run, obstacle course backwards, bent-arm hang, and sit ups. The results indicated significant differences in the standing long jump, push-ups, obstacle course backwards, the 20m run, and bent-arm hang among the groups (p<0.05). This study highlighted significant differences in physical fitness among younger school-age children based on their engagement in sports, folklore activities, or inactivity. The findings have implications for educators and coaches in designing appropriate physical education programs for younger school-age children.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da ispitaju razlike u fizičkoj spremnosti među decom mlađeg školskog uzrasta prema učešću u sportskim aktivnostima. Uzorak je činilo 252 dece kategorisane u tri grupe na prema učešću u sportskim i folklornim aktivnostima. Analizirane varijable uključuju telesnu težinu, telesnu visinu, dodirivanje stopala prstima, sklekove, skok u dalj iz mesta, shuttle trčanje, stazu sa preprekama unazad, vis u zgibu i trbušnjake. Rezultati su ukazali na značajne razlike u skoku u dalj iz mesta, sklekovima, stazi sa preprekama unazad, trčanju na 20 metara i visu u zgibu među grupama (p<0.05). Ovo istraživanje istaklo je značajne razlike u fizičkoj spremnosti dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta prema njihovom učešću u sportskim i folklornim aktivnostima ili neaktivnosti. Rezultati imaju implikacije na vaspitače i trenere u osmišljavanju odgovarajućih programa fizičkog vaspitanja za decu mlađeg školskog uzrasta

UTICAJ PLESNIH SADRŽAJA NA MOTORIČKI FITNE PREDŠKOLACA I MOGUĆNOST NJIHOVE PRIMENE U PREDŠKOLSKIM USTANOVAMA

This paper presents a research focused on dance contents, specific dance programs and preschool children motor fitness. The main goal of this paper was to collect and analyze studies that as an experimental treatment had the contents of dance activities and their impact on the preschool children motor fitness. The necessary literature and papers were collected through the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, SCI index and the available professional literature at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Niš, as well as other available literature. The following keywords were used: influence, effects, preschool age, preschoolers, exercise, dance, dance activities, motor skills, motor skills and their adequate translation into English. Twelve papers that met the set criteria were selected for the final analysis. The following conclusion was drawn: there is a positive impact of dance contents on the preschool children motor fitness, therefore, they can be recommended for use as the adequate contents of the PE curricula in preschool institutions.U radu je prikazano istraživanje čiji su predmet činili plesni sadržaji, specifični plesni programi i motorički fitnes dece predškolskog uzrasta. Osnovni cilj rada je bio da se prikupe i analiziraju studije koje su kao eksperimentalni tretman imale sadržaje plesnih aktivnosti i njihov uticaj na motorički fitnes dece predškolskog uzrasta. Prikupljanje potrebne literature i radova urađeno je uz pomoć korišćenja sledećih baza podataka: Google Scholar, PubMed, SCI indeks i dostupne stručne literature na Fakultetu sporta i fizičkog vaspianja u Nišu, kao i druge dostupne literature. Korišćene su ključne reči: uticaj, efekti, predškolski uzrast, predškolci, vežbanje, ples, plesne aktivnosti, motorika, motoričke sposobnosti i njihov adekvatan prevod na engleski jezik. Za završnu analizu je izdvojeno dvanaest radova koji su zadovoljili postavljene kriterijume. Zaključak je da postoji pozitivan uticaj plesnih sadržaja na motorički fitnes dece predškolskog uzrasta, te se oni mogu preporučiti kao adekvatan sadržaj u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja u predškolskim ustanovama

Komparativna analiza sposobnosti motoričkog izražavanja ritmičkih struktura plesača // Comparative Analysis of Rhytmic Structures Motor Performance Abilities in Dancers

Abstrakt: Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrde razlike u motoričkom izvođenju ritmičkih strukura između plesača društvenih plesova salsa i argentinski tango. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 50 ispitanika uzrasta od 19 do 25 godina ± šest meseci. Ispitanici su usvajali plesne strukture navedenih plesova tokom 12 meseci. Motoričko izražavanje ritmičkih struktura plesača je procenjeno baterijom koja se sastojala od 5 testova. Razlika između grupa je procenjivana T-testom za male nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da statistički značajna razlika postoji samo kod izražavanja rimičkih struktura nogama u korist salsa plesača

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE PROGRAM ON COORDINATION AND EXPLOSIVE POWER IN UNIVERSITY DANCE STUDENTS

The aim of this research is to determine the effects of a ten-week modern and recreational dance exercise program and trunk and leg muscle strengthening exercises on the coordination and explosive power of student-age female dancers. The total number of participants was 54, of which 27 made up the experimental group who participated in an experimental exercise program and 27 the control group. The experimental group performed Hip Hop and Dancehall dances and trunk and leg muscle strengthening exercises 3 times a week for 90 min each. The control group had no additional forms of exercise other than regular daily activities. The coordination of the participants was evaluated on the basis of six tests (Side Steps, 20 Steps forward Twirling a Baton, Skipping the Horizontal Jump Rope, Turning in 6 squares, Hand-Foot Drumming and Agility test with a Baton) and two tests for determining explosive power parameters (the squat jump and countermovement jump). Results showed statistical significance between the groups in 5 variables of coordination at the multivariate and univariate level (p<.05, p<.01), and in both variables of explosive power at the univariate level (p<.05). A large and intermediate effect size of the experimental program was determined for 5 variables of coordination, and intermediate effect size for both variables of explosive power. The results of this study showed that a ten-week exercise program for recreational and modern dance and exercises for strengthening the muscles of the torso and legs have a positive effect on the changes in the parameters of coordination and explosive power in student-age female dancers

UTICAJ GOJAZNOSTI NA MOTORNE PERFORMANSE DEVOJČICA

The aim of this study is to compare the motor skills status of girls with different nutritional status. The research sample consisted of 180 girls aged 10 and was divided into 4 subsamples: malnourished, normally nourished, pre-obese and obese girls. The assessment of the motor space was carried out with a battery of eighteen motor tests. The identification of the differences between the groups was carried out by the Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method. The significance of the differences between the groups was tested by the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) method. The results of the study suggest that obese girls had problems in variables which assessed the explosive power of the lower extremities, running speed and repetitive strength. No significant differences were found for variables which evaluate segmental speed, flexibility, precision, balance, cranial body muscle explosion, and coordination.Cilj ove studije bio je da se uporede motoričke sposobnosti devojčica sa različitim nutritivnim statusom. Uzorak u istraživanju sačinjavalo je 180 devojčica starosti 10 godina, podeljen na 4 subuzorka: pothranjene, normalno uhranjene, predgojazne i gojazne devojčice. Procena motoričkog prostora sprovedena je baterijom od osamnaest motoričkih testova. Utvr­đi­va­nje raz­li­ka iz­me­đu gru­pa izvršeno je metodom univarijantne analize varijanse (ANOVA). Zna­čaj­nost raz­li­ka u si­ste­mu pri­me­nje­nih va­ri­ja­bli za pro­ce­nu mo­to­rič­kih spo­sob­no­sti iz­me­đu gru­pa testirana je metodom mul­ti­va­ri­jant­ne ana­li­ze va­ri­jan­se (MA­NO­­VA). Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da gojazne devojčice imaju problema u varijablama koje su procenjivale eksplozivnu snagu donjih ekstremiteta, brzinu trčanja i repetitivnu snagu. Nisu utvrđene značajne razlike za varijable koje procenjuju segmentarnu brzinu, fleksibilnost, preciznost, ravnotežu, eksplozivnost mišića kranijalnog dela tela i koordinaciju

EFEKTI ŠKOLICE SPORTA NA BILATERALNU KOORDINACIJU DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA

The research was conducted with the aim of determining to what extent and in what manner the kindergarten sports school program affects the coordination of preschool children. The sample consisted of 57 preschool age children. The control group comprised 31 children and the experimental one 26 children, aged 6 years ± 6 months. The experimental group applied the sports school program for a period of 8 weeks (2 x 45 minutes each week). The control group only had regular activities in the kindergarten. The level of bilateral coordination in children was determined applying seven tests and a level of balance applying nine tests at the initial and final measurement. At the initial measurement, experimental and control groups showed similar results, while the experimental group showed significantly better results at the final measurement. The tests applied in the research were taken from the BOT-2 battery of tests: the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency (Bruininks, 1987; Bruininks and Bruininks, 2005, taken from Cools et al, 2009), where body coordination as a separate composite is assessed by subtests of bilateral coordination and balance. The obtained data were processed by the SPSS 20 statistics software, and ANCOVA was used to determine the effects of the sports school program. It is assumed that the experimental program has influenced the improvement of the results between two assessments of the bilateral coordination (on three tests) and balance estimates (on one test). The obtained results point to the need for a wider application of similar programs in working with preschool age children.Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se utvrdi u kojoj meri i kako program školice sporta deluje na koordinaciju dece predškolskog uzrasta. Uzorak je činilo 57 dece predškolskog uzrasta. Kontrolnu grupu 31 dete, eksperimentalnu 26 dece, uzrasta od 6 godina ± 6 meseci, Eksperimentalna grupa je realizovala program školice sporta  u periodu od 8 nedelja (2 x 45 minuta svake nedelje). Kontrolna grupa je imala samo redovne aktivnosti u vrtiću. Nivo bilateralne koordinacije kod dece utvrđen je primenom sedam testova, a nivo ravnoteže primenom devet testova na inicijalnom i finalnom merenju. Na inicijalnom merenju slične rezultate pokazali su i eksperimentalna i kontrolna grupa, dok na finalnom merenju znatno bolje rezultate pokazuje eksperimentalna grupa. Testove koji su korišćeni u istraživanju su iz baterije testova BOT-2 –the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency (Bruininks, 1987; Bruininks i Bruininks, 2005, preuzeto iz Cools et al, 2009) gde se koordinacija kao poseban kompozit procenjuje uz pomoć podtestova bilateralne koordinacije i ravnoteže. Dobijeni podaci obrađeni su programom za statistiku SPSS 20, a za utvrđivanje efekta programa školice sporta korišćena je ANCOVA. Pretpostavlja se da je eksperimentalni program uticao na poboljšanje rezultata između dva testiranja procene bilateralne kordinacije (na tri testa) i procene ravnoteže (na jednom testu). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu šire primene sličnih programa u radu sa decom predškolskog uzrasta