10,414 research outputs found
Identifying and classifying the readability levels of Turkish texts
This study aimed to identify and classify the readability levels of Turkish texts.
The sample in the Correlation Survey model included 32 Turkish instructional
texts. The texts included in the sample of the study were administered to
groups of 30 students, extending from the fifth class to the twelfth class. The
cloze readability procedure was used in this research. Obtained data were
analyzed in the SPSS program.
In this research the relationship between the readability of texts and variables
such as average word length, average sentence length, number of polysyllabic
words, and the rate of repeated words was determined by the Pearson productmoment correlation analysis. As a result of this analysis, âthe rate of repeated
wordsâ and the rate of polysyllabic words, which express the similar meanings
with average word length and -.677 with the readability index, as measured by
the cloze scores, were not included in the multiple regression analysis.
As a result of multiple regression analysis, regression equation is:
CS= 118,823 â 25, 987 x AWL - .971 x ASL
According to this, one unit of change in average word length causes -25.987
unit change in readability score, and one unit of change in average sentence
length causes -.971 in readability score. On the other hand, the coefficient
determination of the equation was .739.
Later, the averages of exact score for every class were analyzed by ANOVA
test. As a result of this ANOVA test, resulting education level and cloze test
scores are higher. Moreover, in order to determine the significant differences
among the classes, multiple comparisons were made. According to this, there
were not any significant differences among the classes 5-6-7 between the
classes 8-9 and among the classes 10-11-12.
Finally, as a result of the regression analysis and ANOVA tests, the conversion
table was compose
Quasilocal energy and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions
Equilibrium thermodynamic laws are typically applied to horizons in general
relativity without stating the conditions that bring them into equilibrium. We
fill this gap by applying a new thermodynamic interpretation to a generalized
Raychaudhuri equation for a worldsheet orthogonal to a closed spacelike
2-surface, the "screen", which encompasses a system of arbitrary size in
nonequilibrium with its surroundings in general. In the case of spherical
symmetry this enables us to identify quasilocal thermodynamic potentials
directly related to standard quasilocal energy definitions. Quasilocal
thermodynamic equilibrium is defined by minimizing the mean extrinsic curvature
of the screen. Moreover, without any direct reference to surface gravity, we
find that the system comes into quasilocal thermodynamic equilibrium when the
screen is located at a generalized apparent horizon. Examples of the
Schwarzschild, Friedmann-Lema\^itre and Lema\^itre-Tolman geometries are
investigated and compared. Conditions for the quasilocal thermodynamic and
hydrodynamic equilibrium states to coincide are also discussed, and a
quasilocal virial relation is suggested as a potential application of this
approach.Comment: 27 pages. v2 small typos fixed, matches published versio
Analytical solutions of the Klein-Fock-Gordon equation with the Manning-Rosen potential plus a Ring-Shaped like potential
In this work, on the condition that scalar potential is equal to vector
potential, the bound state solutions of the Klein-Fock-Gordon equation of the
Manning-Rosen plus ring-shaped like potential are obtained by Nikiforov-Uvarov
method. The energy levels are worked out and the corresponding normalized
eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of orthogonal polynomials for arbitrary
states. The conclusion also contain central Manning-Rosen, central and
non-central Hulth\'en potential.Comment: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1210.537
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