Gestational diabetes mellitus is as innocent as you think?

Background: We aimed to compare fetal outcomes, fetal hypoxia, acidemia and maternal chracteristics including hemoglobin A1c, doppler indices between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) among pregnant women treated with insulin.Methods: Data of pregnant patients with diagnosis of pregestational diabetes (type 1 and 2) and GDM who were treated with insulin (GDM A2 in White classification) was retrospectively collected and compared. Patients with active chronic systemic disease, multiple pregnancies, lost to follow up and detected fetal malformations were exluded. Maternal characteristics, umbilical doppler indices and amnion fluid index, gestational age at delivery, delivery characteristics (including vaginal delivery, or cesarean section) and newborn characteristics such as birth weight, Apgar score and umblical cord pH were all recorded.Results: A total of 130 patients (67 patients with GDM and 63 pregestational DM) were recruited to the study. There were no significant difference regarding type of delivery, fetal birth weight, umbilical cord Hb and gestational birth age. No other significant difference in frequency of low Apgar scores and fetal acidosis or metabolic acidosis were reported. HbA1c and blood glucose levels and insulin dosage were significantly statistically higher in pregestational group.Conclusions: The frequency of fetal distress parameters and poor fetal outcome were similar between groups although pregestaional diabetic patients had higher HbA1c rates. Therefore, patients with GDM (A2) should be followed up as closely as pregestational (overt) diabetic patients

Prijenos topline u mjehurastim stupcima

Bubble columns are gas-liquid contactors often used in industry. Although they are used primarily for mass transfer purpose, since gas and liquid phases are fed to the column at different temperatures, direct contact heat transfer becomes important as well. This research is about the heat transfer characteristics of bubble columns. Experiments were carried out using a plexiglass column with dimensions 160x160x1180 mm. Water was first put into the column to the height of 1 m and heated to the desired temperature, and then experiments were performed by introducing ambient air to the column and recording the variation in temperature of water and inlet and outlet air temperatures and humidities. Models developed for the convective heat transfer from the liquid interface to the gas in the bubble were used together with the experimental data to determine the heat and mass transfer coefficients. The volumetric heat transfer coefficient (hGa) was found to vary over the range 0,3-16 kW/(m3·K) with gas flow rate and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kGa) in the range 0,35-7,49 kmol/ m3·s·atm.Mjehurasti stupci su dodiri između plina i kapljevine koji se često koriste u industriji.. Iako ih se primarno koristi s ciljem prijenosa mase, budući da se plinska i kapljevita faza razdvajaju u stupce pri različitim temperaturama. tada njihov izravni dodir postaje važan za prijenos topline.. Ovo se istraživanje bavi karakteristikama prijenosa topline mjehurastih stupaca. Eksperimenti su napravljeni koriste cilindar od plexiglasa dimenzija 160x160x1180 mm. U cilindar je prvo ulivena voda do visine od 1 m i koja je zagrijavana do željene temperature, nakon čega se u tu vodu uvodio zrak okolišnje temperature, pri čemu se mjerila promjena temperature vode, kai i ulazna i izlazna vlažnost zraka. Modeli razvijeni za konvektivni prijenos topline sa slobodne površine kapljevine na mjehur su korišteni zajedno sa eksperimentalnim podacima za određivanje koeficijenata prijenosa topline i mase.. Iznađeno je da je volumetrički koeficijent prijenosa topline varirao u području 0.3-16 kW/(m3·K) s protokom zraka i volumetričkim koeficijentom prijenosa mase u području 0.35 – 7,39 kmol/(m3·s·atm

Eruption Delay and Sequelae in Permanent Incisors Following Intrusive Luxation in Primary Dentition: A Case Report

With respect to its consequences, intrusive luxation is one of the most severe form of dental traumatic injuries in primary dentition. This case report presents crown and root deformation of a permanent incisor together with its delayed eruption which have resulted from a traumatic injury to its predecessor

A Retrospective Evaluation of Crown-fractured Permanent Teeth Treated in a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic

A retrospective study was carried out on the dental trauma records of 93 patients (55 boys, 38 girls) with 129 crown-fractured teeth. The patients’ average age was 9.57 years (SD 1.57), ranging between 7 and 15 years. Uncomplicated crown facture (comprising enamel–dentin) was the most observed type of injury (n = 107, 83%). Only 15 patients (16.13%) sought treatment in less than 24 h following the injury. Of 41 injured teeth (31.79%) the apices were open at the time of presentation at the clinic. The initial treatment of these injured teeth were interim restoration with acid-etch and composite (69%), Cvek amputation (2.33%), fragment reattachment (1.55%), apexification (APX, 10.07%), and root-canal treatment (RCT, 17.05%). Out of 94 teeth, which were diagnosed as vital on admittance, 23 (24.46%) later developed pulp necrosis and required APX or RCT depending on their apical status. In 66 teeth (51.16%) definitive treatment was provided with only esthetic restoration (ER), while in 15.50% and 26.68% of injured teeth ER was carried out following APX and RCT, and RCT, respectively. Definitive treatment was provided in 3–6 months for 29.45% of the injured teeth, while 27.13% and 20.16% of teeth received definitive treatment within 1–3 months and 6 months to 1 year, respectively. Type of crown-fracture, elapsed time following injury, and vitality of the tooth on admittance and pulp necrosis observed were significantly related to the total time spent for definitive treatment (P \u3c 0.05)

Engelli Bireylerin Çalışma Hayatında Maruz Kaldıkları Duygusal Yükler: Sakarya İli Örneği

Engelli bireylerin istihdam edilmesi sanayi devriminden günümüze kadarki süreçte her zaman bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra engelli bireylerin istihdam edilmesi yönünde bir takım gelişmeler yaşanmaya başlamış ancak yeterli derece çözüm üretilememiştir. Engelli bireylerin istihdam sorunu dışında,  istihdam edildikten sonra da çalışma hayatında birçok sorun yaşadığı görülmektedir. Bu sorunların bazıları iş yerindeki çalışanlardan kaynaklanırken diğer kısmı ise işveren ya da işyerindeki şef veya amirlerinden kaynaklamaktadır. İş hayatındaki engelli bireylerin yaşamış olduğu sorunlar birey üzerinde belirli duygusal yüklerin oluşmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çalışma hayatındaki engelli bireylerin maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin tespit edilmesi ve bu yüklerin engellilik türüne göre farklılıklarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışma yöntem olarak nitel bir araştırma üzerine kurgulanmış ve 5 engellilik türünden toplam 25 engelli bireyle yüz yüze mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mülakatlar Nvivo11 programı ile analiz edilip yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma farklı engel türlerine sahip engelli bireylerin, çalışma hayatında maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin oranlarında da farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir.Engelli bireylerin istihdam edilmesi sanayi devriminden günümüze kadarki süreçte her zaman bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra engelli bireylerin istihdam edilmesi yönünde bir takım gelişmeler yaşanmaya başlamış ancak yeterli derece çözüm üretilememiştir. Engelli bireylerin istihdam sorunu dışında,  istihdam edildikten sonra da çalışma hayatında birçok sorun yaşadığı görülmektedir. Bu sorunların bazıları iş yerindeki çalışanlardan kaynaklanırken diğer kısmı ise işveren ya da işyerindeki şef veya amirlerinden kaynaklamaktadır. İş hayatındaki engelli bireylerin yaşamış olduğu sorunlar birey üzerinde belirli duygusal yüklerin oluşmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çalışma hayatındaki engelli bireylerin maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin tespit edilmesi ve bu yüklerin engellilik türüne göre farklılıklarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışma yöntem olarak nitel bir araştırma üzerine kurgulanmış ve 5 engellilik türünden toplam 25 engelli bireyle yüz yüze mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mülakatlar Nvivo11 programı ile analiz edilip yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma farklı engel türlerine sahip engelli bireylerin, çalışma hayatında maruz kaldıkları duygusal yüklerin oranlarında da farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir

Migraine-like headache in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

A 20-year-old female, university student presented with severe, throbbing, unilateral headache, nausea and vomiting that started 2 days ago. The pain was aggravated with physical activity and she had photophobia. She had been taking contraceptive pills due to polycystic ovary for 3 months. Cranial computed tomography was uninformative and she was considered to have the first attack of migraine. She did not benefit from triptan treatment and as the duration of pain exceeded 72h further imaging was done. Cranial MRI and MR venography revealed a central filling defect and lack of flow in the left sigmoid sinus caused by venous sinus thrombosis. In search for precipitating factors besides the use of contraceptive pills, plasma protein C activity was found to be depressed (42%, normal 70–140%), homocystein was minimally elevated (12.7μmol/L, normal 0–12μmol/L) and anti-cardiolipin IgM antibody was close to the upper limit

Predictability of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients having Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery, Based on Selvester Score

Aim:Patients having coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are influenced mostly by atrial fibrillation (AF), with the peak incidence of 16-44%. Due to post-operative AF (POAF), patients may be hospitalized for longer periods, require intensive care unit care again, necessitate more healthcare resources and even undergo congestive heart failure or stroke. Recent studies have shown that the size of the ventricular scar might be used as an indicator in the pathophysiology of AF. Selvester score was developed for the measurement of myocardial scar volume in patients with abnormal ventricular conduction, reporting its prognostic value in AF. Thus, we aim to investigate a likely relationship of POAF and the Selvester scoring system.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study included 180 patients with CABG from 2017 August to 2018 September. The obtained data had been analyzed in separate cohort of patients with POAF (n=50) and with post-operative sinus rhythm (PSR) (n=130). Intergroup comparisons were made using Selvester scores in particular.Results:The POAF group had higher Selvester scores (p<0.001), score of SYNTAX (p=0.039), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p=0.026), mean age (p<0.001), hypertrophy of left ventricul (LVH) (p=0.019) and hypertension (p=0.007) and decrased ejection fraction (LVEF) (p<0.001) than the PSR group. Logistic multivariable regression analyses showed that there were an independent association of LVH (p=0.041), LVEF (p=0.004), older age (p=0.008) and higher Selvester score (p<0.001) with POAF.Conclusion:Higher scores in Selvester scoring system are closely related to POAF, and Selvester score is a potential indicator for POAF

Apical Root Resorption: A Prospective Radiographic Study of Maxillary Incisors

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of apical root resorption in maxillary incisors during the initial stages of active orthodontic treatment and to test the hypothesis that root resorption increases with the progress of the treatment. Methods: The study sample consisted of 80 teeth of 20 patients (14 female, 6 male) with a mean age of 14.9±2.8 years. Root resorption was determined with standardized digitized periapical radiographs. All the periapical radiographs were obtained at the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T0) and 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 9 months (T3) after the beginning of the treatment by a paralleling device. They were digitalized as 600 dpi with a flatbed scanner and analyzed by software for image analysis at 400x magnification utilizing a personal computer. Results: All of the 4 maxillary incisors had an increasing amount of resorption during the 9-month period. The amount of root resorption between the time intervals was statistically significant (P<.05). Conclusions: Root resorption of maxillary incisors can be detected in the early stages of orthodontic treatment and appears to be related to treatment duration. According to 9-month evaluation period, apical root resorption is of limited clinical significance for the average orthodontic patient.PubMe

Primary Molar Pulpotomies with Different Hemorrhage Control Agents and Base Materials: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographical success of primary molar pulpotomies which used 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS) or 1.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for hemostasis and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) and calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes as base materials. Methods: In 29 healthy children, 80 primary molars were randomly allocated to one of the study groups: Group 1: FS-ZOE, Group 2: FS-CH, Group 3: NaOCl-ZOE, and Group 4: NaOCl-CH. After hemostasis with the respective solutions, pulp stumps and floor of the pulp chambers were covered with either ZOE or CH pastes. All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns. Follow-up examinations were carried out at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: One tooth in Group 1 and two teeth in Group 4 were extracted because of pain and periapial pathosis at sixth month. After 12 months, clinical success rates of pulpotomies in Groups 1-4 were 95%, 100%, 100%, and 89.5%, respectively. The differences were not significant (P = 0.548). Radiographic success rates for Groups 1-4 were 80%, 88.9%, 78.9%, and 84.2%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.968). Pain on percussion was the most observed clinical finding. However, internal root resorption was the most common radiological finding and it was observed significantly more in mandibular primary molars (P \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: Both ZOE and CH can be preferred as base materials after hemostasis achieved by the use of 15.5% FS or 1.25% NaOCl in primary tooth pulpotomy

Evaluation of Nasal Mucociliary Transport Rate by99mTc-Macroaggregated Albumin Rhinoscintigraphy in Woodworkers

Woodworkers in the furniture industry are exposed to wood dust in their workplaces. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of occupational wood dust exposure on the nasal mucociliary transport rates (NMTRs) in woodworkers. Twenty five woodworkers and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. Wood dust concentration in workplaces was measured using the sampling device. 99m Tc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) rhinoscintigraphy was performed, and NMTR was calculated in all cases. In statistical analysis, an independent samples t-test was used to compare NMTR of woodworkers and control subjects. We found that the mean NMTR of the woodworkers was lower than that of the healthy controls. However, there was not a statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.066). In conclusion, our findings suggested that wood dust exposure may not impair nasal mucociliary transport rate in woodworkers employed in joinery workshops