Die invloed van die herkenning van hoëfrekwensiewoorde op die leesvaardighede van Graad 2-leerders in die Grondslagfase

It is of utmost importance for learners to master language in order to learn effectively at school. Many learners are initially taught in school to read and write. Learners should later be able to use acquired reading skills to learn, and acquired writing skills must be applied to reproduce that which has been learnt. If learners do not master the foregoing skills, their progress at school will be seriously handicapped. In spite of the implementation of the National Curriculum Statement Grade R-9 (Schools) and Grade 10-12 (Schools) as well as the Foundations for Learning-campaign, illiteracy is still a serious problem in South Africa. Because the basis of all reading and writing skills are laid in the Foundation Phase, it is necessary for drastic steps to be taken to ensure that learners will be able to read with comprehension in their first years at school. This research is aimed at proving the significant relationship between high frequency words and reading skills (measured by word recognition and reading comprehension) and also to prove that the teaching of high frequency words can lead to the improvement of the above mentioned reading skills. The gathering/collection of data is characterised by the use of standardised tests. In addition, use was made of descriptive statistics; Pearson’s product moment correlations and Cohen’s r-values; t-tests and Cohen’s d-values; as well as one sample t-tests to analyse and interpret data.Keywords: sight-words, high frequency words, reading skills, Dolch words, foundation phase, fluency, reading comprehension, kindergartenSleutelbegrippe: sigwoorde, hoëfrekwensiewoorde, leesvaardighede, Dolch woorde, grondslagfase, leesvlotheid, leesbegrip, kindergartenThe article is in Afrikaans

Maxillofacial Radiology 196

A healthy,12-year-old female patient, presented with an anterior open bite requesting orthodontic treatment. A panoramic radiograph was requested for treatment planning (Figure 1). An incidental finding of well-defined multilocular radiolucencies were detected superimposed over the right ramus and middle cranial fossa region. The patient was asymptomatic with no clinical signs of facial asymmetry. A cone-beam computerised tomography (CBCT) scan was requested to exclude any occult pathology (Figure 2)

Optomechanical trapping and cooling of partially transparent mirrors

We consider the radiative trapping and cooling of a partially transmitting mirror suspended inside an optical cavity, generalizing the case of a perfectly reflecting mirror previously considered [M. Bhattacharya and P. Meystre, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{99}, 073601 (2007)]. This configuration was recently used in an experiment to cool a nanometers-thick membrane [Thompson \textit{et al.}, arXiv:0707.1724v2, 2007]. The self-consistent cavity field modes of this system depend strongly on the position of the middle mirror, leading to important qualitative differences in the radiation pressure effects: in one case, the situation is similar that of a perfectly reflecting middle mirror, with only minor quantitative modifications. In addition, we also identify a range of mirror positions for which the radiation-mirror coupling becomes purely dispersive and the back-action effects that usually lead to cooling are absent, although the mirror can still be optically trapped. The existence of these two regimes leads us to propose a bichromatic scheme that optimizes the cooling and trapping of partially transmissive mirrors.Comment: Submitted to Phys.Rev.

Changes in Carbohydrates in Nursery-Grown Grapevine Rootstocks

The utilisation and accumulation of sugar, starch and hemicellulose were studied in nursery-grown grapevine rootstocks. For an initial period lasting about 12 weeks all three components were utilised to varying degrees by the cuttings. Subsequently, starch and hemicellulose increased in the stem (original cutting) of the plant, while sugar remained low until the onset of winter. In the shoots, hemicellulose accumulation was very marked, whereas in the roots starch was the dominant carbohydrate component

A clinical delineation of Tachyphemia (cluttering)

Cluttering constitutes one of the most important disorders of speech, language and communication in general. The majority of c1utterers are themselves unaware of the disorder. The problems of definition, symptomatology, aetiology and relationship to stuttering and hereditary aspects, are discussed. A preliminary case report of a family in which cluttering appears to follow a dominant mode of inheritance, is given. It is concluded that the major symptoms underlying the general cluttering syndrome in the family described, are related to some form of psychoneurological dysfunction with emphasis on a central language imbalance.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1624 (1974

Intra-osseous synovial sarcoma.

Intra-osseous synovial sarcoma is very rare and its mode of origin is conjectural. Our patient's tumour was situated within the lower femur. The sited of origin of the few intra-osseous synovial sarcomas so far documented may support the concept of intra-osseous synovial rests

Decoherence due to elastic Rayleigh scattering

We present theoretical and experimental studies of the decoherence of hyperfine ground-state superpositions due to elastic Rayleigh scattering of light off-resonant with higher lying excited states. We demonstrate that under appropriate conditions, elastic Rayleigh scattering can be the dominant source of decoherence, contrary to previous discussions in the literature. We show that the elastic-scattering decoherence rate of a two-level system is given by the square of the difference between the elastic-scattering \textit{amplitudes} for the two levels, and that for certain detunings of the light, the amplitudes can interfere constructively even when the elastic scattering \textit{rates} from the two levels are equal. We confirm this prediction through calculations and measurements of the total decoherence rate for a superposition of the valence electron spin levels in the ground state of $^9$Be$^+$ in a 4.5 T magnetic field.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure