Association of Adipokines and Insulin, Which Have a Role in Obesity, with Colorectal Cancer.

Obesity-related diseases are an important part of public health; and obesity is related with colorectal cancer. Adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral adipose tissue accumulation can cause adipocitis-related diseases and pathogenic adipocyte formation. Adipose tissue has a very important and active role in immune response formation. Cytokines/adipokines, which are secreted from adipose tissue, have an active role in communication between adipocytes and macrophages. Thus, visceral adipocyte is related with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Adipocytes have an important role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis because of proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and hormones secretion. Most highlighted cytokines are adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin. Also, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, increased plasma insulin levels, body mass index, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), glucose, and serum free fatty acids levels are considered to be related with colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Thus, in this review, we focus on the role of adipokines and insulin in colorectal cancer

Association of Adipokines and Insulin, Which Have a Role in Obesity, with Colorectal Cancer.

Obesity-related diseases are an important part of public health; and obesity is related with colorectal cancer. Adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral adipose tissue accumulation can cause adipocitis-related diseases and pathogenic adipocyte formation. Adipose tissue has a very important and active role in immune response formation. Cytokines/adipokines, which are secreted from adipose tissue, have an active role in communication between adipocytes and macrophages. Thus, visceral adipocyte is related with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Adipocytes have an important role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis because of proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and hormones secretion. Most highlighted cytokines are adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin. Also, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, increased plasma insulin levels, body mass index, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), glucose, and serum free fatty acids levels are considered to be related with colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Thus, in this review, we focus on the role of adipokines and insulin in colorectal cancer

A nutritional approach to microbiota in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor impairment and the accumulation of alpha-synucleinopathy (alpha-syn), which can affect different levels of the brain-gut axis. There is a two-way communication between the gastrointestinal tract, and brain that includes the gut microbiota. This bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain includes many pathways, such as immune mechanisms, the vagus nerve, and microbial neurometabolite production. The common cause of constipation in PD is thought to be the accumulation of alpha-syn proteins in the enteric nervous system. Recent studies have focused on changes in microbial metabolites and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiota dysbiosis is associated with increased intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and neuroinflammation. Many factors, such as unbalanced nutrition, antibiotic use, age, and infection, result in alteration of microbial metabolites, triggering alpha-syn accumulation in the intestinal mucosa cells. Increased evidence indicates that the amount, type, and balance of dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats); high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids; and healthy diet patterns such as the Mediterranean diet may have a great protective impact on PD. This review focuses on the potential benefits of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics to regulate microbiota dysbiosis along with the effect of diet on the gut microbiota in PD

Association of Mediterranean diet and anthropometric measures with quality of life in coronary artery disease patients

WOS: 000478730300025PubMed: 31238695Introduction: the Mediterranean diet (MD) and ideal body weight are associated with a reduction in the risk of chronic diseases, but their association with health-related quality of life (HRQL) is not clear. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to MD and the HRQL and anthropometric measurements in coronary artery disease patients. Methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out in 55 women and 84 men who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease by a physician. Anthropometric indices were measured, MD adherence was evaluated with a 14-item questionnaire and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used for HRQL. Results: mean age in males was 63.0 +/- 9.7 years and mean age in females was 63.1 +/- 10.1 years. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 53.5% and 40.5%, respectively, in men and 14.5% and 83.6%, respectively, in women. Adherence to the MD was assessed and the median values were found statistically higher in male patients (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between MD and all physical component summary (PCS, its subscale) and most mental component summary (MCS) (except emotional role, social health subscale) (p < 0.05). Inverse significant associations were found between BMI, waist circumference, waist/height ratio, percent of body fat and both PCS and MCS (including most subscales). Conclusion: adoption of healthy dietary habits (adherence to the Mediterranean diet) by the participants and optimal anthropometric measurements may be considered as a possible contributor to HRQL

Association of Mediterranean diet and anthropometric measures with quality of life in coronary artery disease patients

Introduction: the Mediterranean diet (MD) and ideal body weight are associated with a reduction in the risk of chronic diseases, but their association with health-related quality of life (HRQL) is not clear. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to MD and the HRQL and anthropometric measurements in coronary artery disease patients. Methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out in 55 women and 84 men who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease by a physician. Anthropometric indices were measured, MD adherence was evaluated with a 14-item questionnaire and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used for HRQL. Results: mean age in males was 63.0 +/- 9.7 years and mean age in females was 63.1 +/- 10.1 years. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 53.5\% and 40.5\%, respectively, in men and 14.5\% and 83.6\%, respectively, in women. Adherence to the MD was assessed and the median values were found statistically higher in male patients (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between MD and all physical component summary (PCS, its subscale) and most mental component summary (MCS) (except emotional role, social health subscale) (p < 0.05). Inverse significant associations were found between BMI, waist circumference, waist/height ratio, percent of body fat and both PCS and MCS (including most subscales). Conclusion: adoption of healthy dietary habits (adherence to the Mediterranean diet) by the participants and optimal anthropometric measurements may be considered as a possible contributor to HRQL

The relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality and dietary intake in adults

KILINC, FATMA/0000-0001-8297-958X; Karaismailoglu, Eda/0000-0003-3085-7809WOS: 000494785800001To determine the relationship of specific macro- and micro-nutrients and food groups with sleep duration and sleep quality in adults. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 2446 adults aged between 20 and 64 years in Turkey. The participants' socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intake (24-h recall) were taken. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. In the study, 48.9% of the participants were male and 51.1% were female, with an average age of 38.7 +/- 12.70 years. Total protein, meat, and processed meat product consumption rates of long sleepers were found to be lower than those of normal sleepers (p < 0.05). Saturated fat intake of short sleepers was higher than that of long sleepers (p < 0.018). Participants with good sleep quality were found to consume higher carbohydrate, fiber, beta-carotene, vitamin E, thiamine, vitamin B-6, total folate, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron compared to those with poor sleep quality (p < 0.05). When examined in terms of food groups, fruit consumption was higher in individuals with good sleep quality compared to those with poor sleep quality (p < 0.05). In this study, some macro- and micro-nutrients of the diet were found correlated with sleep duration and quality. Mechanisms mediating the relationship between sleep duration and dietary intake are multi-factorial. Because of the differences in appetite-related hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, and hedonic factors, future studies will benefit from assessing sleep duration/quality and dietary intake