Tris[2-(deuteriomethyl­sulfan­yl)­phen­yl]­phosphine deuteriochloro­form 0.125-solvate

The title deuterated tripodal phosphine, C21H12D9PS3·0.125CDCl3, crystallizes as two independent mol­ecules, one of which lies on a general position and the other about a threefold rotation axis, and as a deuteriochloro­form solvate. The solvent mol­ecule is disordered about a site of symmetry 3, so that the ratio of phosphine to solvent is 8:1. The P atom adopts a pyramidal coordination geometry

Tris(2-methoxy­phen­yl)phosphine

In the title compound, C21H21O3P, the whole mol­ecule is disordered over two sets of positions with refined occupancies of 0.503 (1) and 0.497 (1). The dihedral angles between the three benzene rings are 72.9 (2)°, 82.9 (3)° and 70.0 (2)° in the major disorder component and the corresponding angles in the minor disorder component are 85.0 (2)°, 79.2 (2)° and 72.3 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

Poziom ekspresji defensyny DEFB4A w różnicowaniu rogowiaka kolczystokomórkowego, raka kolczystokomórkowego i raka podstawnokomórkowego

Introduction. Defensins are peptide with antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal activities and many other functions, such as induction of immunological response and antitumor activity. Changes in expression level of defensins was studied in many skin pathologies, including dermatological lesions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and non-melanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma – SCC and basal cell carcinoma – BCC).Aim. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mRNA profile of defensin-related genes’ transcripts as an additional molecular marker of non-melonoma skin pathologies: SCC, BCC and keratoacanthoma (KA).Material and methods. Tissue samples were obtained from the central part of tumours (KA, SCC and BCC) and healthy margins. mRNA profile of genes coding defensins and proteins involved in their activation was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix). Vali-dation of the microarray analysis was performed using real-time QRT-PCR.Results. Microarray analysis revealed changes in defensin-related genes’ profile. In all tumours DEFB4A (defensin beta 2) mRNA was up-regulated, compared with the healthy skin margins. Real-time QRT-PCR analysis showed increased DEFB4A transcript level both in KA and SCC comparing to BCC.Conclusions. Defensin beta 2 mRNA level is a useful tool for the differentiation of KA and SCC from BCC. KA and SCC cannot be differentiated on the basis of the DEFB4AmRNA level

Tryptophan Needs of Lactating Sows Fed High Lysine Diets

Researchers have recently attempted to minimize the negative nutrient balance status of the high producing lactating sow by increasing the nutrient density of the lactation diet. Stahly et al. (1990) and Tokach et al. (1991 b), have reported increases in sow productivity due to feeding higher crude protein levels during lactation. Throughout the industry, these responses have been attributed mostly to lysine, the most limiting amino acid in corn-soybean meal diets. Synthetic lysine has been used as an economically viable alternative to soybean meal in lactation diets, but excessive use could create deficiencies of other essential amino acids. Tryptophan is found in very small amounts in corn (NRC, 1988) and is most often the second limiting amino acid in corn based diets (ARC, 1981). Tryptophan is known to have many metabolic roles besides being an essential component of body muscle tissue (Sidransky, 1985). Marginal or limiting tryptophan levels in swine diets have been shown to have a marked effect on feed intake (Uttecht et al., 1991), a major obstacle in minimizing the negative nutrient balance status of lactating sows. The objective of our experiment was to determine if the responses of increased productivity sometimes occurring in high producing lactating sows fed high protein levels (≥16%) are due entirely to lysine or if tryptophan is involved as well

Exploring Value Systems: Māori Perspectives in Scholarly Literature on Mice-Invertebrate Interactions in Aotearoa New Zealand

Introduced species present a threat to the native wildlife of Aotearoa New Zealand which evolved primarily in the absence of mammals. In a review of 57 articles, we explored the role of mātauranga (Māori Traditional Knowledge) in introduced mouse management. We found mātauranga was misrepresented in ecological literature, and often used to contextualize research methodologies, rather than to inform them. We used the Ecological State Assessment Tool to support inclusion of Māori-informed methods in introduced mouse management