Estudio de la resistencia a la corrosión en distintos medios agresivos de los aceros inoxidables AISI 304L y 316L preparados por vía pulvimetalúrgica

En este trabajo se realiza el estudio del comportamiento de los aceros AISI 304l y 316l preparados por vÍa pulvimetalúrgica en diversos medios agresivos y su comparación con aceros inoxidables austeníticos de composición química semejante, obtenidos por fundición. Este estudio recoge los siguientes aspectos: a) estudio comparativo del comportamiento frente a la corrosión en medios clorurados de estos aceros, teniendo en cuenta la influencia de la temperatura y la concentración de cloruros. b) Estudio comparativo del comportamiento frente a la oxidación a elevada temperatura de estos aceros, determinando las leyes cinéticas que rigen el proceso de corrosión y estudiando la morfología del ataque. c) Estudio del comportamiento frente a la corrosión en distintos medios agresivos de estos aceros, a través de métodos electroquímicos a temperatura ambiente (298 k). Los electrolitos empleados ha sido: cloruro sódico, ácidos orgánicos (acético, fórmico, láctico y oxálico) y ácidos inorgánicos (fosfórico y sulfúrico). Se determina la influencia de la concentración de ácido y las leyes cinéticas que rigen el proceso de corrosión

Luces y sombras de las herramientas de generación de contenidos por inteligencia artificial (IA) en grados de ingeniería

[ES] Con el presente estudio del uso de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) como herramienta para fomentar el pensamiento crítico en los grados de Ingeniería se pretende mostrar al alumno el uso adecuado de herramientas tecnológicas, como la inteligencia artificial, para aumentar y mejorar sus capacidades en el análisis de información y consolidar su razonamiento crítico como parte insustituible de su condición humana. Para ello, los alumnos realizarán diferentes actividades con ayuda del software en distintas asignaturas, siempre bajo la dirección de un profesor. Esto, por un lado, permitirá a los alumnos interactuar con los sistemas de IA para, en base a su criterio, usarlo en la toma de decisiones de acuerdo a las competencias generales y específicas descritas en las guías docentes. Por otro lado, permitirá a los tutores realizar un análisis del impacto que tiene el uso de esta herramienta disruptiva en el entorno académico y prepararlos para un mundo en el que la IA ya es una realidad.[EN] In the present work about the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a tool to promote critical thinking in engineering studies, the aim is to show the students how to use these technological tools to increase and enhance their capacities in the analysis of information and consolidate their critical thinking as an irreplaceable part of their human condition. To study the impact of the use of these AI tools, the students will use a software of AI in different activities monitored by the tutor. This, on the one hand, will allow students to interact with the AI systems and, based on their criteria, use it in decision-making according to the general and specific competencies described in the teaching guides. On the other hand, it will allow the mentors to carry out an analysis of the impact that the use of this disruptive tool has on the academic environment and prepare them for a world in which AI is already a reality.Muñoz Moreno, B.; Riquelme Aguado, A.; Rodrigo Herrero, P.; Sánchez Martínez, M.; Bonache Bezares, V.; Utrilla Esteban, V.; Rams Ramos, J.... (2023). Luces y sombras de las herramientas de generación de contenidos por inteligencia artificial (IA) en grados de ingeniería. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1338-1348. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.165841338134

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization