Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Jabatan Notaris Berkaitan dengan Adanya Dugaan Malpraktek dalam Proses Pembuatan Akta Otentik

A notary is a public officer who given sufficient authority by the state to make an authentic deed. If a party feels aggrieved over the deed of a Notary, then the party can sue the notary with the charges of malpractice in an authentic deed, although the notary has been working in accordance with the standards of an authentic deed. On this basis, it is need a legal protection for the notary, in this case, made ??by the Notary Honorary Council (MKN) as provided for in the Article 66 of paragraph (1) of Law No. 2 of 2014 on the Amendment of Law Number 30 of Year 2004 on the Notary Position (UUJN-P). There are no certain regulations on MKN positions and the kinds of legal protection given by the MKN to the notary, giving rise to legal issues namely, what the standards or requirements in the process of making an authentic deed and what the legal protection of the Position of Notary in relations to the allegations of malpractice in the making of authentic deeds. This thesis research is a normative legal research, which departed from the vacuum of norm. The legal materials collection techniques used were the study of literature and the card system. The analysis of the legal materials was conducted by using descriptive techniques, interpretations and arguments associated with the theories and concepts of law which relevant to the issues. The research findings of the problem under study, namely, that in making authentic deeds, notary must always pay attention to the validity of the agreement according to the terms of Article 1320 of the Civil Law (the Civil Codes), the requirement of making authentic deeds (Civil Code of 1868), Law on the Notary Position, as well as the Notary Code of Ethics. While MKN position as the Administrative agencies should be established in the regions of (city or regencies) in order that MKN can quickly respond to the case and provide an appeal to the parties who are not satisfied with the decision of MKN

MSMEs Credit Distribution and Non-performing Loan Towards Banking Companies Profit in Indonesia

The problems raised in the present research was related to the effect of MSMEs credit distribution loan and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) credit towards the banking companies profit in Indonesia. The study was intended to examine and obtain empirical evidence on the effect included (1) MSMEs credit variable to NPL variable. (2) MSMEs credit variable distributed to profit variable. (3) NPL to the profit variable and (4) to determine the effect indirectly MSMEs credit variable to profit variable through NPL in banking companies which included the 15 largest credit banks of MSMEs in Indonesia. The study used secondary data sources and data types used as quantitative data. It was collected through documentation studies. The data analysis technique was applied Path Analysis on the software (SPSS). The hypothesis result testing was obtained that (1) the total amount of MSMEs credit had a significant positive effect on the banking company profit. (2) MSMEs credit positively significant to NPL of the banking company. (3) NPL had a significant negative effect on the company profit. (4) MSMEs credit could directly effect to profit and also indirectly affect the MSMEs credit could effect NPL as an intermediary variable then to variable profit. The direct coefficient value (0,301) was lower than the indirect coefficient (0,404). Therefore, it can be concluded that there was an indirect effect of MSMEs credit channeled to NPL as an intermediate variable then to profit variable. The expected contribution could be obtained from the results was to assist the management in the banking sector in credit management included micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as well as become a consideration for stakeholders of the banking sector in decision making

Akibat Hukum Perjanjian Lisensi terhadap Pihak Ketiga

Perjanjian lisensi merupakan suatu jenis perjanjian yang dipergunakan oleh para pihak untuk mengatur hubungan hukum antara pemberi lisensi dengan penerima lisensi, perjanjian lisensi harus dicatatkan oleh Menteri dalam daftar umum perjanjian Lisensi Hak Cipta. Namun yang menjadi permasalahan apakah perjanjian lisensi yang dibuat oleh pihak-pihak tertentu dapat mengikat pihak ketiga apabila belum didaftarkan karena dalam isi Pasal 83 Undang-undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta maupun peraturan Perundangan lainnya belum ada yang memuat tentang pengaturan tata cara pencatatan perjanjian lisensi. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, maka permasalahan yang dapat diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana pengaturan tata cara pendaftaran perjanjian lisensi hak siar, dan (2) Bagaimana akibat hukum perjanjian lisensi terhadap pihak ketiga. Berangkat dari adanya kekosongan norma yang terdapat pada Pasal 83 ayat (4) Undang-undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, maka penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan pendekatan analisis konsep hukum. Sumber bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan  tertier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan sistem kartu.. Teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif, teknik interpretatif, teknik evaluatif, teknik sistematif dan teknik argumentatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pengaturan pendaftaran perjanjian lisensi terkait hak siar oleh Dirjen HAKI terdapat dalam ketentuan paket Undang-Undang tentang HAKI, dimana suatu perjanjian lisensi wajib dicatatkan pada Direktorat Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual yang kemudian dimuat dalam Daftar Umum dengan membayar biaya yang besarnya ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Menteri. (2) Perjanjian lisensi yang tidak dicatatkan pada Direktorat Jendral Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual hanya mengikat para pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian tersebut yaitu pihak pemberi lisensi dan pihak penerima lisensi dan mempunyai akibat hukum terhadap pihak-pihak yang bersangkutan tersebut seperti layaknya perjanjian perdatanya lainny

Targeted treatments for fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common identifiable genetic cause of intellectual disability and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), with up to 50% of males and some females with FXS meeting criteria for ASD. Autistic features are present in a very high percent of individuals with FXS, even those who do not meet full criteria for ASD. Recent major advances have been made in the understanding of the neurobiology and functions of FMRP, the FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) gene product, which is absent or reduced in FXS, largely based on work in the fmr1 knockout mouse model. FXS has emerged as a disorder of synaptic plasticity associated with abnormalities of long-term depression and long-term potentiation and immature dendritic spine architecture, related to the dysregulation of dendritic translation typically activated by group I mGluR and other receptors. This work has led to efforts to develop treatments for FXS with neuroactive molecules targeted to the dysregulated translational pathway. These agents have been shown to rescue molecular, spine, and behavioral phenotypes in the FXS mouse model at multiple stages of development. Clinical trials are underway to translate findings in animal models of FXS to humans, raising complex issues about trial design and outcome measures to assess cognitive change that might be associated with treatment. Genes known to be causes of ASD interact with the translational pathway defective in FXS, and it has been hypothesized that there will be substantial overlap in molecular pathways and mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction between FXS and ASD. Therefore, targeted treatments developed for FXS may also target subgroups of ASD, and clinical trials in FXS may serve as a model for the development of clinical trial strategies for ASD and other cognitive disorders

FMR1 premutation and full mutation molecular mechanisms related to autism

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by an expanded CGG repeat (>200 repeats) in the 5′ un-translated portion of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) leading to a deficiency or absence of the FMR1 protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of a number of other genes that are important for synaptic development and plasticity. Furthermore, many of these genes, when mutated, have been linked to autism in the general population, which may explain the high comorbidity that exists between FXS and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Additionally, premutation repeat expansions (55 to 200 CGG repeats) may also give rise to ASD through a different molecular mechanism that involves a direct toxic effect of FMR1 mRNA. It is believed that RNA toxicity underlies much of the premutation-related involvement, including developmental concerns like autism, as well as neurodegenerative issues with aging such as the fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). RNA toxicity can also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is common in older premutation carriers both with and without FXTAS. Many of the problems with cellular dysregulation in both premutation and full mutation neurons also parallel the cellular abnormalities that have been documented in idiopathic autism. Research regarding dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems caused by the lack of FMRP in FXS, including metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 (mGluR1/5) pathway and GABA pathways, has led to new targeted treatments for FXS. Preliminary evidence suggests that these new targeted treatments will also be beneficial in non-fragile X forms of autism

Efektivitas Sistem Informasi di Bank Perkreditan Rakyat: Ekplorasi Pengaruh Kemajuan Teknologi Informasi, Kompetensi Pengguna dan Kepuasan Pengguna Sistem Informasi Akuntansi

This study aims to determine how the effectiveness of accounting information systems at BPRs is influenced by information technology sophistication, user competence, user participation, and user satisfaction. Covered sampling was implemented to choose the sample for a study in Gianyar Regency that involved 70 BPR personnel who used accounting information systems as their study population. Multiple linear regression was applied as a method of data analysis together with the survey filling method. After analyzing statistical analysis using the SPSS software application, the results indicate a significant and positive indicator of information technology sophistication, user competence, user engagement, and user satisfaction on the effectiveness of the accounting information system.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecanggihan teknologi informasi, kompetensi pengguna, partisipasi pengguna dan kepuasan penguuna terhadap efektivitas sistem informasi akuntansi pada BPR Di Kabupaten Gianyar. Populasi penelitian ini adalah karyawan BPR yang bekerja menggunakan sistem informasi akuntansi. Metode penentuan sampel menggunakan metode sampling jenuh, yang terdiri atas 70 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang akan disebarkan kepada responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan uji statistic, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecanggihan teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif terhadap efektivitas sistem informasi akuntansi. Kompetensi pengguna berpengaruh positif terhadap efektivitas sistem informasi akuntansi. Partisipasi pengguna berpengaruh positif terhadap efektivitas sistem informasi akuntansi. Kepuasan pengguna berpengaruh positif terhadap efektivitas sistem informasi akuntansi