Effects Of Filtration Process And Storage Time On The Chemical Changes And Sensory Properties Of Olive Oil Extracted From Turkish Uslu Cultivar

Upper Mesopotamia is a part of Turkish territory is the homeland of the olive tree with a wide range genetic resource. This is the first report on chemical composition and oxidative stability of olive oil extracted from Uslu cultivar grown locally in a small amount. In this research, a Turkish olive cultivar named as “Uslu” locally grown in Akhisar was used for production of monocultivar extra virgin olive oil by using Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit”. Olive oil samples were bottled before and after filtration and stored up to 24 months. Some chemical properties such as free fatty acid content, peroxide value, moisture content, UV absorbance value, minor and major components (fatty acid composition, tocopherols, total phenol compounds and phenolic composition), were determined during storage for 24 months. Chemical parameters such as free fatty acid, peroxide value except UV absorption values of both filtered and unfiltered “Uslu” olive oil samples were in agreement with the trade standards of International Olive Council (IOC). Color values of EVOO changed from green to yellow while UV absorbance values altered during storage. Very low free fatty acidy (0.2%) values which are unusual for commercial olive oils in Turkey were obtained for filtered and unfiltered samples. A slight increase was seen for unfiltered sample at the end of storage. Filtration had no detectable effect on fatty acid profile. Filtered sample had higher total phenols (407.64 +/- 4.051 ppm) and alpha-tocopherol (237 and 123.31 ppm) contents than unfiltered ones and their contents decreased approximately 50% at the end of storage. Luteolin was the most abundant phenolic compound and its concentration decreased from 268.65 +/- 5.428 to 93.57 +/- 0.541 ppm during storage. It seemed effect of filtration was more obvious on total phenolic contents. This study was good practice for producing premium extra virgin olive oil by using Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit. The results obtained in this study showed that Uslu olive oils has a unique chemical composition and a good oxidative stability with high tocopherols and phenolics contents that are uncommon in most of the commercial olive oils.Wo

Gender-specific distribution of glycosaminoglycans during cartilage mineralization of human thyroid cartilage

The role of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the process of cartilage mineralization, especially in the hypertrophic zone of growth plates, is not yet fully understood. Human thyroid cartilage can serve as a model to observe matrix changes associated with cartilage mineralization because the processes follow a distinct route, progress very slowly and show sexual differences. Histochemical staining for low sulphated GAG (chondroitin-4- and -6-sulphates) was decreased in the interterritorial matrix of thyroid cartilage starting at the beginning of the fifth decade, but not in the pericellular or territorial matrix of chondrocytes. Because cartilage mineralization progressed in the interterritorial matrix it seems likely that a decreasing content of chondroitin-4- and -6-sulphates is involved in the mineralization process. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that immunostaining for chondroitin-4- and -6-sulphates was weaker in mineralized cartilage areas than in unmineralized areas, whereas there was no difference in staining for keratan sulphate. In all life decades, female thyroid cartilages contained more chondrocytes with a territorial rim of chondroitin-4- and -6-sulphates probably preventing cartilage mineralization compared with age-matched male specimens. Taken together, the characteristic distribution pattern of chondroitin-4- and -6-sulphates being more concentrated in female than in male thyroid cartilages provided evidence that these macromolecules decrease in cartilage mineralization

Notch signaling is involved in human articular chondrocytes de-differentiation during osteoarthritis

Context: During osteoarthritis (OA), chondrocytes undergo de-differentiation, resulting in the acquisition of a fibroblast-like morphology, decreased expression of collagen type II (colII) and aggrecan, and increased expression of collagen type I (colI), metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Notch signaling plays a crucial role during embryogenesis. Several studies showed that Notch is expressed in adulthood. Objective: The aim of our study was to confirm the involvement of Notch signaling in human OA at in vitro and ex vivo levels. Materials and methods: Normal human articular chondrocytes were cultured during four passages either treated or not with a Notch inhibitor: DAPT. Human OA cartilage was cultured with DAPT for five days. Chondrocytes secreted markers and some Notch pathway components were analyzed using Western blotting and qPCR. Results: Passaging chondrocytes induced a decrease in the cartilage markers: colII and aggrecan. DAPT-treated chondrocytes and OA cartilage showed a significant increase in healthy cartilage markers. De-differentiation markers, colI, MMP13 and eNOS, were significantly reduced in DAPT-treated chondrocytes and OA cartilage. Notch1 expression was proportional to colI, MMP13 and eNOS expression and inversely proportional to colII and aggrecan expression in nontreated cultured chondrocytes. Notch ligand: Jagged1 increased in chondrocytes culture. DAPT treatment resulted in reduced Jagged1 expression. Notch target gene HES1 increased during chondrocyte culture and was reduced when treated with DAPT. Conclusion: Targeting Notch signaling during OA might lead to the restitution of the typical chondrocyte phenotype and even to chondrocyte redifferentiation during the pathology

On one-sided estimates for row-finite systems of ordinary differential equations

summary:We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for row-finite initial value problems. The right-hand side of the differential equation is supposed to satisfy a one-sided matrix Lipschitz condition with a quasimonotone row-finite matrix which has an at most countable spectrum