Use of GIS and RS Combined with Artificial Intelligence Plate for Detecting and Analyzing of Aquatic Heavy Metals Threats for Environmental Sustainability of Green Ports

With the technological development globally, Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing (GIS) & RS has been used and reformed in providing reliable and useful data in the field of environmental studies advancement. There has been needed for GIS and RS in terms of biological and chemical elements in the aquatic environments to assess the concentration of trace metals in the tissue of aquatic species around the world. However, there is still inadequate information and exploration on the subject matter which calls for the use of artificial intelligence plates in acquiring data. There is a need for the use of the invented plate in green port sustainability in order to save time, money, life, less labour and availability of more multiple accurate data information that will have improved sustainability. The primary aim of this concept paper focused on using GIS & RS combined with artificial intelligence plate in Green port environmental sustainability to monitor, acquire data and identify biological and chemical elements data online for analysis. This aim was achieved by the application of qualitative research, that is synthetic literature review. Through the review, we are able to find out that artificial intelligence plates will be useful. Therefore, it requests for innovation of an artificial intelligent plate that will detect, analyze and recommend the concentration of heavy metals and other anthropogenic elements in the water bodies and species tissues without necessarily involving laboratory processes. In conclusion, to provide a theory from fusing past and present circumstances in order to forecast the future for coastal areas, GIS & RS applications and artificial intelligence plates were suggested. This review gives instances of GIS applications' used in the stages of assessment, conservation, maintenance, sustainability, and protection of the environment of marine areas. This study suggests the use of a digital plate that can be used with GIS & RS in monitoring, spatiotemporal distribution and identifying the concentration of biological and chemical elements in the environmental sustainability of port institutions and industrial organizations

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Quality Assessment of Fresh and Frozen Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii from Shiroro and Tagwai Dam Reservoirs in Niger State, Nigeria

Proximate composition, mineral content and sensory evaluation of both fresh and frozen Clarias gariepenus and Tilapia zilli from Shiroro and Tagwaidam reservoirs in Niger state, Nigeria were analyzed for consumer acceptability. Forty (40) Clarias gariepenus and Tilapai zilli were purchased from fishermen at the landing sites of both Shiroro and Tagwai dams and kept in the laboratory freezer at -40C for six (6) weeks. Analysis for freshness, proximate chemical composition, and mineral composition were carried out on the samples. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant difference (P<0.05) were obtained on the proximate composition between the two species, the percentage of total moisture and protein contents increased due to decrease in ash and lipid content throughout the weeks of both fishes from the two dam reservoirs ranging from 1.20 to 2.64% and 5.09 to 5.90% (Shiroro Clarias ash and lipid content), 1.80 to 2.58% and 4.08 to 6.87% (Tagwai Clarias ash and lipid content), 1.12 to 2.08%, 2.80 to 5.43% (Shiroro Tilapia ash and lipid content), 1.40 to 2.02%, 3.07 to 6.52% (Tagwai Tilapia ash and lipid content) respectively. There were significant difference (P<0.05) in the mineral content (calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium). With respect to oganoleptic analyses, there was no significant difference among the parameters tested throughout the weeks except eye colour, where acceptance of Clarias from Tagwaidan was significantly higher than those from Shiroro. Thus eye colour can be regarded as on the site quality assessment parameterthat that is easily feasible