後期高齢女性における血清レプチン濃度

高齢者のアセスメント項目として,体組成と栄養素摂取に影響を与える血清レプチン濃度を明らかにすることは機能調節因子に必要であると考えられる。しかし,高齢者の血清レプチン濃度については,報告が少なく17,18,19)一定の見解が得られていない。そこで高齢者のうち,特に後期高齢女性の血清レプチン濃度を明らかにすることを目的とし検討を加えた結果,以下の結論を得た。1)QOLの高い日本人の後期高齢女性の血清レプチン濃度は,正常排卵性月経周期を有する日本人女性と同程度であった。2)後期高齢女性の血清レプチン濃度は,BMIと強い正相関を認めた。3)独力で生活する基礎活動能力を有する後期高齢女性では,やせ及び正常体重者が多かった。以上より,独力で生活できる基礎活動能力を有する後期高齢女性の血清レプチンは若年女性と同レベルであること,適正体重の維持は高齢女性の身体活動を低下させない要因である可能性が示唆された。Objective: Leptin is a protein that is synthesized and secreted from adipose tissue. This protein regulates fat stores and body weight by affecting appetite and thermogenesis. It is known that serum leptin levels are higher in women than men and change at various life stages such as pregnancy and puberty. Leptin may be an important predictive factor of body condition and nutritional intake. Little is known about serum leptin concentrations in elderly people. Thus, we examined serum leptin in elderly Japanese women. Methods: The subjects were thirty elderly women and comprised all residents age 75 and over, living in K-ku, Tokyo. They were all healthy members of the community at large not receiving any special medical care. We measured serum leptin concentrations and performed a survey of eating habits, habitual exercise and smoking. Results: Serum leptin concentrations in the elderly Japanese women were 7.1±0.7ng/ml. They were almost equal to young Japanese women with regular menstrual cycle. Serum leptin concentrations were highly correlated with body mass index (BMI). Serum leptin concentrations with low BMI were lower than that with normal BMI. The percentage of women with low and normal BMI was greater than that of the National Nutrition Survey 2000. These results indicate that serum leptin concentrations in elderly Japanese women with regular weight were not different from that in young Japanese women with regular menstrual cycle

成長期の食生活と無月経に関する研究

昭和女子大学生342名,名古屋女子大学生422名の総計764名を対象とし,食生活と月経に関する調査を行った。内容は,(1)現在の食生活について,(2)月経とダイエットについて,(3)乳幼児期及び学童期の食生活についての3部構成となっており,現在の状況と照らし合わせながら,過去(乳幼児期・学童期)の食生活と無月経との関連性を導き出す形をとり,そのことを本研究の主眼とした。結果は以下の通りである。A)全体の764名中,現在月経がない者は16名(2.1%)で,うち原発性無月経と思われる者が3名,続発性無月経と思われる者が10名いた。B)本対象を月経有無別・月経規則性別に分類した場合,正常月経48.3%,頻発月経5.4%,月経不規則43.5%,無月経2.8%であった。(n=572)The subjects of this analysis were 764 students; 342 studying at Showa Women\u27s University and 422 studying at Nagoya Women\u27s University. The investigation focused on the relationship between eating habits and menstruation. The study survey was divided into three parts, viz.: 1) present eating habits, 2) menstruation and diet, 3) eating habits during infancy and later childhood. The characteristics of this research are that it analyzed the conditions of the students\u27 present menstruation and the relationship with their eating habits from childhood.・Sixteen (2.1%) of the 764 subjects showed no menstruation. There were 3 students who were thought to exhibit primary amenorrhea, and 10 students were thought to exhibit secondary amenorrhea.・When the subjects were classified according to menstruation regularity, 48.3% showed normal menstruation, 5.4% showed polymenorrhea, 43.5% showed menstruation irregularis and 2.8% showed amenorrhea. (n=572) (1) The common characteristics of the 4 different groups Regarding their present eating habits, many of the subjects ate no breakfast, and the subjects\u27 emphasis was on the meal eaten for supper. Many subjects had dieting experience, and many began dieting (43.3～68.8%) in adolescence, i. e. in junior high school or high school. (Junior high school: 16.7～21.9%, High school: 64.8～83.3%) Many subjects had dieted 1 or 2 times (46.2%～63.6%), and the duration of the diet was under 3 months for most subjects. (2) The characteristics of the amenorrhea group Regarding the present eating habits of the amenorrhea group, the subjects tended to consume less staple foods and main dishes, and instead to have side dishes and soup for satiety. The intake rates of staple food, main dishes, side dishes, soup and fruits showed their biased diet propensities. Many of the amenorrhea group had irregular eating habits compared with other groups. One of the causes of amenorrhea is thought to be a diet which restricts energy intake, a behavior typical of the adolescence. Such adolescents, in their infancy and later childhood, had eating habits that included eating a great deal of commercially prepared and convenience store foods

不妊と肥満に関する栄養学的研究

The leptin known as ob gene regulates body weight by affecting the appetite and thermogenesis. Leptin was an important mediator of the reproductive function. In this study, they were aimed at studying causation of the infertile and the obesity on the role of nutrition. The subjects were 11 overweight women (25≦BMI) with normally ovulating, and 98 overweight women (25≦BMI) with infertile. The methods of investigation were as follows; physical measurement, biomedical testing, investigation dietary records, motion and time study and dietary habits of each subject. The concentration of serum leptin was correlated with body fat mass in the infertility and normal ovulation groups. Furthermore, the infertility groups had many intakes of the meat in comparison with the normal ovulation group. In addition, the groups had to skip a meal with dietary habits, and meal intake time was irregular. These data demonstrate that infertility groups may have reflected a nutritional abnormality, suggesting that, regarding irregularity of eating behavior and skipping meals is responsible for infertility

Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveReduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study.Research design and methodsA total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization.ResultsAmong 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, –0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, –0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients).ConclusionsRadio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes

Usefulness of Aerobic Exercise for Home Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Diabetes: Randomized Crossover Trial

Hypertension usually coexists with diabetes mellitus and significantly increases the risk of macrovascular complications. Blood pressure measured at home, especially nocturnal blood pressure, is particularly important because it is more strongly associated with target organ damage than clinical blood pressure measurements. Regular moderate aerobic exercise has been shown to have anti-hypertensive effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on home blood pressure in patients with diabetes. This randomized crossover trial was based on outpatient treatment at a university hospital. In this randomized crossover trial, 124 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to two groups over 56 days: an exercise preceding group (exercise intervention for 28 days and then no exercise intervention for the following 28 days) and an exercise lagging group (no exercise intervention for 28 days and then exercise intervention for the following 28 days). The associations between the nocturnal blood pressure and exercise intervention were assessed accordingly. A decrease in blood pressure was observed in the morning and evening, at 2 a.m. and 3 a.m. after exercise intervention; however, there was no significant difference between groups. Moderate exercise was not effective in lowering nocturnal blood pressure in this study