Investigation of the Effect of Solar Panel Temperature on Power Output Efficiency in Brass, Nigeria.

Background: Luminous efficacy is a property of light sources, which indicates what portion of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is usable for human vision relative to the overall efficiency of a light source for illumination. This also applies to solar panels. Purpose: To confirm the possibility of using solar panel as an alternative source of generating electricity and to highlight hindrances to the maximization of solar panel efficiency in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria using Brass as a case study. Materials and Methods: A Modern digital instrument, BK precision model 615 digital light meter and Alda AVD890C digital multimeter, were use for measurement of solar radiation, current and voltage respectively, under varying conditions of temperature. Result: An average Solar panel temperature of 26.2 oC was recorded in the morning hours. Towards noon, solar panel temperature increased up to 45 0C. Output current also increased from 0.0 to 20.0 x 10-1A. Solar panel temperatures between 26oC and 45oC appeared to favour increase in output current. Above 45oC, output current began to drop despite further increase in solar panel temperature. The best solar panel operating temperature in Brass is 45oC. Between the solar panel temperatures of 26oC and 32oC, output voltage remained relatively stable varying between 8.0V and 8.10V. Conclusion: Within limits, solar panel efficiency appears to be temperature dependent up to a maximum temperature, increasing up to 87.0% at 43.8oC. Higher temperatures appear to be counterproductive on solar panel efficiency

Tensorial Computation of the intensity of UHF Electromagnetic Radiation within Geometrical Structures

In this paper, a tensorial method was used in computing the intensity of Ultra High Frequency(UHF) radiation within 2D and 3D geometrical structures. This was done based on the theoretical concepts of classical electromagnetism. Using a software program, “power estimator” the intensities at various distances from the source of radiation were obtained and it was found that shapes which are less geometrically homogenous exhibits high intensity values and that the maximum intensity value was observed within a cylinder to be 1534.70w/m² at 0.02m away from the source of radiation, while the minimum intensity value was observed in a circle at 0.10m away from the source to be 2.49w/m²

Analytical investigation of the effects of MHD radiation and mass transfer parameters from galactic primary cosmic ray transport in steady state extra-terrestrial atmosphere

The analytical study of the effect of Magneto-Hydro Dynamic (MHD) heat transfer parameters from galactic primary cosmic rays transport in a stratified steady state extra-terrestrial atmosphere is modelled by imposing a time dependent perturbation on the primary cosmic transport in the extra-terrestrialatmosphere containing randomly distributed giant diffused molecular particles. The temperatures involved are assumed to be large so that MHD Radiationand mass transfer parameter is significant. This renders the flow field highly nonlinear even on the assumptions of a differential approximation for the MHD in an adiabatic concentration and zero activated energy. When the perturbation is small, the transient flow is tackled by the Laplace transform technique, giving solution for stable steady state spectrum of the primary cosmic ray in the intergalactic temperature up and down stream concentration, also velocity is tackled and numerical solutions were obtained for temperature. The downstream, upstream Velocity profile and concentration in cases where MHD radiation heat and mass transfer through the stratifiedterrestrial atmosphere are taken into account. The incorporation of MHD radiation and mass transfer is of particular relevance to primary cosmic ray physics as the interaction between concentration and temperature component represent a state which often exists in the universe.The result shows and give solution for stable steady state component of the surface temperature ፀ0 at order zero and adiabatic concentration C0 and velocity q0 profile. Radiation shows dependence of ፀ0, C0 on Z at some point ፀ0 and C03 approach unity. Furthermore, for γ = 10, β = 12 the variation of adiabatic concentration C03 and ፀ03 on Z for stable steady state flow. Also for the case where ፀ0 = 1. The transient component temperature exhibits a standing wave structure and the magnitude of the standing wave increases when the solute concentration C0 = 1, this means that for ፀ0 = 1 = C0 the intensity of MHD radiation heat is large that is when MHD radiation is large contrary to a relatively low emission when (MHD radiation is of order 0in which the standing wave structure is no longer exhibited by both the temperature and concentration field. The calculated energy spectrum of cosmic rays after propagation through the extra-terrestrial atmosphere is in good agreement with the spectrum measured at the earth surface. The graphs are compared and found to be in good agreement with the energy flow.This is relevant and very important in cosmic ray physics as the interaction between the temperature and concentration field component represents a state which often exist in the universe and cosmic ray consist in the transverse modulation of the same medium which cause the Astrophysics fluid to be incompressible

Investigation of the effect of stage cascade on amplifier circuits in a common emitter configuration using bypass and non-bypass capacitors

This research investigates the effect of stage cascade on amplifier circuits using transistor in the common emitter configuration. A two-stage amplifier was constructed and its performance was analyzed accordingly. The voltage gain of the amplifier with bypass capacitor is 16.09dB and that non-bypass capacitor is 15.98dB with bandwidths of 600Hz and 800Hz respectively. The current gain of the circuit is 14.2dB. Input and output resistances of the circuit are 333.3Ω and 415.58Ω respectively. The power gain of the constructed amplifier/circuit is 15.16dB. The overall voltage gain is 16.09dB±0.11dB which shows that the theory on multistage amplification is satisfied, since the overall gain is a product of the individual stage gain. The result shows that cascaded amplifier with by-pass capacitors has a better amplification than those without by-pass capacitors as a result amplification is increased and distortion is also increased; waveform was noisier as against the single stage but the input waveform was preserved