Small and medium businesses informatization managment: Main trends of development in Russia

© 2014, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. All right reserved. The system architecture of a small business must also provide financial management, personnel, procurement, manufacturing, sales, etc. Due to the fact that in small and medium-sized businesses there are combined functions of ownership and management, information management system must provide accurate and up-to-date information about finance and manufacturing resources. We have reviewed the structure of the Russian market of software products for small and mediumsized businesses and explained the leading position of some companies. We conducted a survey of SEOs of SME and employees of the companies ERP systems vendors, who showed quite a symmetric assessment of development informatization of SME

Relationship between financial indicators of a company and the ERP-system implementation costs

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The article investigates the issues of implementation of ERP-systems in large Russian companies. The authors put forward and substantiated the hypothesis about the positive impact of implementation of ERP-systems in the company's growth. For the purposes of this study, 30 large Russian companies that had implemented SAP R/3 o;r SAP ERP modules have been observed. Obtained result shows, that implementation of the ERP-system or its individual modules makes a positive impact in the company's growth, measured by the total assets indicator

A Quantitative Theory of Mechanical Unfolding of a Homopolymer Globule

We propose the quantitative mean-field theory of mechanical unfolding of a globule formed by long flexible homopolymer chain collapsed in poor solvent and subjected to extensional deformation. We demonstrate that depending on the degree of polymerization and solvent quality (quantified by the Flory-Huggins $\chi$ parameter) the mechanical unfolding of the collapsed chain may either occur continuously (by passing a sequence of uniformly elongated configurations) or involves intra-molecular micro-phase coexistence of a collapsed and a stretched segment followed by an abrupt unraveling transition. The force-extension curves are obtained and quantitatively compared to our recent results of numerical self-consistent field (SCF) simulations. The phase diagrams for extended homopolymer chains in poor solvent comprising one- and two-phase regions are calculated for different chain length or/and solvent quality.Comment: 24 pages, 18 figure

ТИМЬЯН ПОЛЗУЧИЙ (Thymus serpyllum L.). СОРТ – АЛЕКСАНДРИТ

Data of origin of the creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), its morphological characteristics, and biochemical composition are presented. There is multipurpose utilization of this crop: seasonings, aromatizing of drinks, in perfumery, in medicine as antiseptic, in landscaping. The farming culture, biological specificity of creeping thyme, and characteristic of new cultivar Aleksandrit are described.Приведены сведения о происхождении тимьяна, его морфологические особенности, биохимический состав, рассказано о применении растения в качестве приправы к блюдам, для ароматизации напитков, в парфюмерии, в качестве антисептика в медицинской практике и ландшафтном дизайне. Представлена агротехника выращивания и биологические особенности тимьяна ползучего. Дана характеристика нового сорта тимьяна Александрит

Retrobulbar blockade during eyeball enucleation surgery in children with retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant tumor of the embryonic nerve retina.Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of retrobulbar blockade (RbB) with ropivacaine 0.5% for intra- and postoperative analgesia, as well as for the prevention of oculocardial reflex (OCR), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during enucleation.Material and methods. A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. Eighty patients aged 0 to 10 years were included, who were randomly assigned to the RbB group (retrobulbar blockade with ropivacaine 0.5% with general anesthesia) (n=40) and the GA control group (general anesthesia) (n=40).Results. There were no complications in the RbB group caused by the methodology. In the intraoperative period, the average dose of fentanyl in the RbB group was 4.7±0.7 μg/kg, which is significantly lower than in the OA group of 10.1±1.9 μg/kg (p<0.05). OCR in the RbB group was observed in 5% of cases versus 100% in the GA group (p=0.002). The average VAS score was 1.8 vs. 3.7 60 minutes after surgery (p<0.001). For the first time 12 hours after surgery, PONV was not observed in the RBB group, and in the control group it was observed in 45% of patients.Conclusion. The study revealed that intraoperative retrobulbar blockade with 0.5% ropivacaine solution in children with RB is effective and safe. Provides stable intraoperative hemodynamics and reduces the need for opioids. Promotes the prevention of OCD and PONV, as well as the improvement of postoperative analgesia during the operation of enucleation of the eyeball i n pediatric

EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE OF VARYING INTENSITY ON LIPID METABOLISM IN MIDDLE AGED MEN

Aim. To investigate effects of acute physical exercise of varying intensity on lipid metabolism in middle aged men.Material and methods. Two bouts of physical exercise of moderate and high intensity were performed in 54 clinically healthy men aged 30-45 y.o. without obesity with subsequent assessment of lipid profile (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and atherogenic index). Effect of physical exercise on the lipid profile as studied both in the whole group and in subjects with and without insulin resistance.Results. Acute physical exercise of moderate and high intensity produced beneficial effects on lipid parameters (increase in cholesterol of high density lipoprotein level and reduction of atherogenic index). Increased intensity of physical exercise caused more prominent improvement of lipid profile in subjects without insulin resistance. However subjects with insulin resistance had weaker response to physical exercise than individuals without insulin resistance did and increased intensity of physical exercise did not cause significant improvement of lipid parameters in subjects with insulin resistance.Conclusion. Response to moderate or high intensive physical exercise may depend on baseline metabolic profile. It should be taken into account under development of preventive programs for modifying risk factors of cardio-vascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus

The expression, localisation and interactome of pigeon CRY2

Cryptochromes (CRY) are highly conserved signalling molecules that regulate circadian rhythms and are candidate radical pair based magnetoreceptors. Birds have at least four cryptochromes (CRY1a, CRY1b, CRY2, and CRY4), but few studies have interrogated their function. Here we investigate the expression, localisation and interactome of clCRY2 in the pigeon retina. We report that clCRY2 has two distinct transcript variants, clCRY2a, and a previously unreported splice isoform, clCRY2b which is larger in size. We show that clCRY2a mRNA is expressed in all retinal layers and clCRY2b is enriched in the inner and outer nuclear layer. To define the localisation and interaction network of clCRY2 we generated and validated a monoclonal antibody that detects both clCRY2 isoforms. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that clCRY2a/b is present in all retinal layers and is enriched in the outer limiting membrane and outer plexiform layer. Proteomic analysis showed clCRY2a/b interacts with typical circadian molecules (PER2, CLOCK, ARTNL), cell junction proteins (CTNNA1, CTNNA2) and components associated with the microtubule motor dynein (DYNC1LI2, DCTN1, DCTN2, DCTN3) within the retina. Collectively these data show that clCRY2 is a component of the avian circadian clock and unexpectedly associates with the microtubule cytoskeleton

Attempt to assess direct interactions between tumor burden, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and PD-1- and TIM-3-expressing T cells in multiple myeloma patients

The avoidance of immune surveillance by malignant plasma cells (PCs) in multiple myeloma (MM) is mediated by different mechanisms, among which an induction of T cell exhaustion and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) appear to play substantial roles, but it is still a lack of data on possible MDSC-mediated induction of T cell exhaustion. The aim of the present work was to evaluate possible relationship between frequencies of MM PCs, MDSCs and phenotypically exhausted PD-1+ and TIM-3+ T cells in bone marrow (BM) samples and peripheral blood (PB) of MM patients at various disease stages. Peripheral blood (n = 88) and BM samples (n = 56) were obtained from MM patients (newly diagnosed (n = 6), patients in remission (n = 71) and with progressive disease (n = 11)). Frequencies of T cells expressing checkpoint receptors PD-1 and TIM-3, polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs, Lin-CD14-HLA-DR- CD33+CD15+/CD66b+), monocyte MDSCs (M-MDSCs, CD14+HLA-DRlow/-), early MDSCs (E-MDSCs, Lin-HLA-DR-CD33+CD15-/CD66b-), and MM PCs (CD45dimCD38+CD138+CD56+CD19-CD117+CD27- CD81-) were assessed with flow cytometry. Circulating and BM-resident PD-1+/TIM-3+T cell subsets, BM E-MDSCs, as soon as MM PCs and serum beta2-microglobulin (B2-M) levels were gradually increased in patients at different stages. Despite that, there were no associations between the markers of tumor load and the studied cell subsets. In patients in remission, BM PMN-MDSCs negatively correlated with CD4+T cells, CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+TIM-3+T cell subsets; there were positive correlations between BM E-MDSCs and CD4+PD-1+TIM-3+ cells and PB M-MDSCs and CD8+PD-1+ and (as a trend) CD8+TIM-3+T cells. We found no associations for the samples of patients at diagnosis and with progression. We can conclude that a possible mutual influence of malignant PCs, MDSCs and PD-1+/TIM-3+T cells is nonlinear, especially during a manifest tumor growth at diagnosis and progression. The detected negative correlations between resident PMN- MDSCs and T cell subsets might be associated with MDSC suppressive function, affecting both predominantly activated PD-1+ cells and exhausted TIM-3+ subsets. The positive correlations between BM E-MDSCs and CD4+PD-1+TIM-3+ cell subset and circulating M-MDSCs and PD-1+ and TIM-3+ CD8+T cells might confirm an ability of MDSCs to induce T cell exhaustion

МОНАРДА ЛИМОННАЯ (MONARDACITRIODORAL.) – ЦЕННАЯ ПРЯНО-АРОМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ОВОЩНАЯ КУЛЬТУРА ДЛЯ ОТКРЫТОГО И ЗАЩИЩЕННОГО ГРУНТА

One of valuable spice-aromatic vegetable of Lamiaceae family is lemony monarda (Monarda citriodora L.) cultivated as nonperennial crop in most of regions of Russian Federation. Information regarding its parentage and biological special aspects are described here in this article. Brief review regarding nutritional quality and pharmaceutical importance as well as description of four cultivars of lemony monarda (which are currently included to Russian State register of selection invention and approved for usage, two of these cultivars Mona Lisa and Simka were selected and cultivated by Federal Scientific Vegetable Center are given here in this article. Main directions for up-to-date selection and application and practical usage of lemony monarda were indicated. In the field of creation of up-to-date vegetable cultivars, one of the main directions is selection of such a cultivars with high content of biologically active compounds for improvement of antioxidative activity and applicability for its cultivation at hydroponic plant with frame area to provide fresh green vegetables for people all year round. Simka cultivar meets requirements mentioned above and can be cultivated at various types of hydroponic plants including horizontal (salad lines, seedling tables) and vertical (multilayer hydroponics) types using natural (drag turf) or artificial (mineral wool blocks) substrates. This article also describes the main elements of technology of cultivation of lemony monarda in the open and protected ground to get green products and seed production. The features of the preparation of raw materials with a high content of biologically active compounds for fresh consumption and as a spicy-aromatic dry seasoning for salads, meat dishes, as a natural preservative and aromatic of jam, tea and other drinks are shown.Одним из ценных пряно-ароматических растений семейства Яснотковых является монарда лимонная (Monarda citriodora L.), которую в большинстве регионов РФ выращивают как однолетнюю культуру. В статье приведены сведения о ее происхождении и биологических особенностях. Дан краткий обзор пищевой и лекарственной ценности, а также описание четырех сортов монарды лимонной, включенных в настоящее время в Российский государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию, сорта Мона Лиза и Симка – селекции ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Одним из важных направлений при создании современных овощных сортов является селекция на высокое содержание биологически активных веществ, обладающих антиоксидантной активностью, и пригодность для выращивания на гидропонных установках в условиях защищенного грунта с целью снабжения населения ароматной витаминной продукцией свежей зелени круглый год. Сорт Симка отвечает данным требованиям и может выращиваться на различных типах гидропонных установок горизонтального (салатные линии, рассадные столы) и вертикального типа (многоярусная узкостеллажная гидропоника – МУГ), с использованием натурального (торфосмеси) и искусственного (блоки минеральной ваты) субстратов. Молодые побеги этого сорта, в которых содержание водорастворимых антиоксидантов существенно выше, чем у других зеленных культур, таких как руккола, укроп, базилик, можно употреблять уже на 30 сутки после посева. Последующие срезки, с периодичностью 30-45 суток в зависимости от сезона, обеспечивают выход витаминной продукции в течение всего года (в среднем от 80 до 140 г зеленой массы с одного блока и горшочка). В статье также дано описание основных элементов технологии выращивания монарды лимонной в открытом и защищенном грунте для получения зелени и ведения семеноводства. Показаны особенности заготовки сырья с высоким содержанием биологически активных соединений для потребления в свежем и сухом виде в качестве пряно-вкусовой приправы к салатам, мясным блюдам, как натуральный консервант и ароматизатор варенья, чая и других напитков

ФАРМАКОЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ГЕПАТОТРОПНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕАЛЬНОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

Chronic liver diseases are a serious problem and a common cause of suffering and death in all countries. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a disease that occurs in the case of the long-term alcohol consumption. ALD may show signs of fatty liver (steatosis), alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Increase in the prevalence of ALD is also related to the increased alcohol consumption inRussia. Viral hepatitis is a global problem leading to disability and death. About 500 million people are infected with hepatitis B or C, one million annually die from liver diseases associated with hepatitis (2.7% of all deaths). The use of essential phospholipids (EPL) as hepatotropic therapy is widespread inRussia. However, the real practice on its use had not been systematically studied. Primary objective was to characterize under conditions of real life, the profile of consecutive outpatients with newly diagnosed or known diagnosis of liver conditions with gastrointestinal symptoms and receiving a treatment with EPL as an adjunctive treatment to standard care. Materials and methods. 2450 patients were included in 98 sites. Non-interventional on therapeutic strategy study consisting of two phases: Phase 1 – a cross-sectional study to assess the profile of patients who are prescribed EPL; Phase 2 (prospective ) – the follow-up study on 20% patients participated in the Phase 1to assess compliance treatment regimen. Study results. Steatosis was the most frequent liver disease (59.7% patients). Hepatic diseases related to obesity was 23.8% patients, hepatic diseases related to diabetes – 336/2450 (13.7%). Chronic viral hepatitis observed in 21.7% cases. Taking into account that 15.8% patients suffered from combined pathology, data describing morbidity structure were the following: isolated hepatic steatosis occurred in 46.7% cases, hepatic diseases related to obesity – in 12.8% and hepatic diseases related to diabetes – at 6.4%, chronic viral hepatitis – at 18.3%. Patients most often complained about feeling of pressure in the right epigastric 74.4%, general weakness and apathy – 1497/2450 (61.1%), abdominal distension – 1438/2450 (58.7%), nausea – 51.9%. Almost a third of patients complained of irritability – 35.8%, headache and muscle pain – 35.4% and lack of appetite – 26.9%. The main non-pharmacologic management measures for liver disease were: diet therapy – 1387/2450 (97.4%), complete refusal of alcohol – 1726/2450 (70.5%), daily exercise of moderate intensity – 1495/2450 (61.0%), complete smoking cessation – 608/2450 (24.8%). Most often prescribed treatment for liver diseases were hepatoprotectors at inclusion visit – 2291/2450 (93.5%), hypotensive – 1201/2450 (49.0%), hypolipidemic – 1060/2450 (43.3%), hypoglycemic – 457/2450 (18.7%) drugs. Lipotropic products administered at 319/2450 (13.0%) cases, detoxifying – in 282/2450 (11.5%), antiviral – in 147/2450 (6.0%) and immunotropic – in 73/2450 (3.0%). Хронические заболевания печени являются серьезной проблемой. Это одна из основных причин снижения качества жизни и смерти людей во всех странах мира. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) является основной причиной развития хронических заболеваний печени. Алкогольная болезнь печени (АБП) – заболевание, развивающееся при долговременном систематическом употреблении алкоголя. АБП может проявляться стеатозом, алкогольным гепатитом и циррозом печени. Повышение распространенности АБП в России связано с увеличением употребления алкоголя. Вирусные гепатиты являются глобальной проблемой, приводящей к инвалидизации и смерти. Около 500 млн человек инфицированы гепатитом B или C, ежегодно около 1 млн человек умирают от заболеваний печени, ассоциированных с гепатитами (2,7% всех смертей). Использование эссенциальных фосфолипидов (ЭФЛ) в качестве гепатотропной терапии широко распространено в России. Однако в клинической практике это систематически не изучалось. Основной целью являлась характеристика в условиях повседневной практики профиля амбулаторных пациентов с впервые выявленным или известным диагнозом болезни печени с желудочно-кишечными симптомами, принимающих ЭФЛ как дополнительную терапию к стандартному лечению. Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 2450 пациентов в 98 центрах. Неинтервенционное исследование состояло из двух фаз: фаза 1 – кроссекционное исследование профиля пациентов, которым назначаются ЭФЛ; фаза 2 (проспективная) – последующее наблюдение 20% пациентов, участвовавших в фазе 1, с целью оценки приверженности схеме лечения. Результаты исследования. Жировая дистрофия печени явилась наиболее частым заболеванием печени у пациентов, которым были назначены ЭФЛ (59,7% пациентов). Ассоциированные с ожирением заболевания печени наблюдались у 23,8% пациентов, ассоциированные с диабетом – у 13,7%. Хронические вирусные гепатиты наблюдались в 21,7% случаев. В структуре заболеваемости у 15,8% пациентов отмечалась сочетанная патология, стеатоз печени отмечался в 46,7% случаев; заболевания печени, связанные с ожирением – в 12,8%; заболевания печени, связанные с диабетом – в 6,4% случаев, хронический вирусный гепатит – в 18,3% случаев. Пациенты наиболее часто жаловались на чувство тяжести в правом подреберье (74,4%), общую слабость и вялость (61,1% пациентов), вздутие живота (58,7%), тошноту (51,9%). Почти треть пациентов жаловались на раздражительность (35,8%), головные и мышечные боли (35,4%), а также потерю аппетита (26,9%). Основными немедикаментозными методами ведения пациентов с заболеваниями печени были следующие: лечебная диета (97,4% пациентов), полный отказ от алкоголя (70,5%), ежедневные тренировки средней интенсивности (61,0%) и полное прекращение курения (24,8%). Наиболее часто назначаемое лечение заболеваний печени на этапе включения пациента в исследование включало гепатопротекторы (93,5%), гипотензивные средства – (49,0%), гиполипидемические средства – (43,3%), гипогликемические средства – (18,7%). Липотропные препараты применяли в 13,0% случаев, детоксицирующие средства – в 11,5%, противовирусные препараты – в 6,0% и иммунотропные препараты – в 3,0% случаев.