7 research outputs found

    Aboriginal Languages in Quebec: Fighting Linguicide with Bilingual Education

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    Aboriginal peoples in Quebec are fighting for the survival of their language and culture. An essential component of Aboriginal decolonization and empowerment is the protection and enhancement of the Aboriginal heritage language. In this article, we review twenty years of research in Arctic Quebec (Nunavik) involving Inuit students educated in Inuktitut as well as in French and English. Our research reveals that children not only learn better in their own heritage language as opposed to one of the societally dominant languages, but also develop a more positive view of themselves, and a healthier view of Inuit as a group. Bilingual Education is shown to be of crucial importance for the vitality of Inuit language and culture.Les peuples autochtones du QuĂ©bec luttent afin de prĂ©server la survie de leur langue et de leur culture. Un Ă©lĂ©ment essentiel de la dĂ©colonisation et de l’autonomisation autochtone est la protection et l’enrichissement de la langue ancestrale autochtone. Dans cet article, nous effectuons une analyse de vingt annĂ©es de recherche dans le Nord du QuĂ©bec (Nunavik) impliquant des Ă©lĂšves inuits scolarisĂ©s en français et en anglais. Nos recherches ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que ces enfants non seulement apprennent mieux dans leur propre langue ancestrale plutĂŽt que dans une des langues dominantes de la sociĂ©tĂ©, mais aussi qu’ils dĂ©veloppent une image d’eux-mĂȘmes plus positive, et une reprĂ©sentation plus saine des Inuits en tant que groupe. Il est dĂ©montrĂ© que l’enseignement bilingue est d’une importance cruciale, contribuant Ă  la vitalitĂ© de la langue et de la culture inuites

    Learning through an Aboriginal language: The impact on students’ English and Aboriginal language skills

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    Aboriginal communities across Canada are implementing Aboriginal language programs in their schools. In the present research, we explore the impact of learning through an Aboriginal language on students’ English and Aboriginal language skills by contrasting a Mi’kmaq language immersion program with a Mi’kmaq as a second language program. The results revealed that students in the immersion program not only had stronger Mi’kmaq language skills compared to students in the second language program, but students within both programs ultimately had the same level of English. Immersion programs can simultaneously revitalize a threatened language and prepare students for success in mainstream society.Keywords: Aboriginal language, bilingual education, immersion, language of instructionDes communautés autochtones partout au Canada mettent en Ɠuvre des programmes de langue autochtone dans leurs écoles. Dans la présente recherche, nous explorons l'impact de l'apprentissage à travers une langue autochtone, sur les compétences des élèves en langue anglaise et autochtone, en comparant un programme d'immersion en langue Mi'kmaq, avec un programme en langue Mi'kmaq comme langue seconde. Les résultats ont révélé que non seulement les étudiants du programme d'immersion avaient des compétences plus solides en langue Mi'kmaq que les étudiants du programme de langue seconde, mais aussi que les étudiants au sein des deux programmes avaient le même niveau d'anglais. Les programmes d'immersion peuvent simultanément revitaliser une langue menacée et préparer les élèves à réussir dans la société.Mots-clés: langue autochtone, éducation bilingue, immersion, langue d'enseignemen

    The importance of cultural identity clarity for the self : an experimental paradigm

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    Complementing field research among severely disadvantaged minority groups, the present laboratory analogue investigates how the clarity of a group member's cultural (collective) identity is related to positive feelings about oneself and one's performance. Participants were assigned to a clear, conflicted, or unclear collective identity condition, and were then faced with challenging tasks (study 1) or a challenging social interaction (study 2). In study 1, the hypotheses were not confirmed because participants overcame a lack of collective identity clarity by simply applying their own familiar collective identity to the tasks. This default alternative was removed in study 2, which resulted in a confirmation of the hypotheses. Participants in the clear condition felt more positive and successful than participants in the conflict and unclear conditions. Compared to participants in the clear and unclear conditions, participants in the conflict condition found the interaction to be the most difficult presumably because they were challenged to resolve competing identities. Clarity of collective identity was related to feelings of positivity, success, task difficulty, and to the expression of positive emotions, certainty, and achievement, thereby emphasizing the importance of collective identity clarity for the self

    The primary role of cultural identity clarity for self-esteem and psychological well-being

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    There is a growing recognition among many who work with society's most disadvantaged cultural groups that cultural identity might be a primary issue related to their psychological adjustment. From his experience with Aboriginal peoples in Canada and inner city African American communities in the United States, Taylor (1997, 2002) theorizes that without a clear cultural identity, a person has no normative template with which to construct a clear personal identity, and by extension, to achieve positive self-esteem and well-being. The program of research I describe in the present thesis represents the first attempt to empirically investigate the extent to which the clarity of an individual's cultural identity is predictive of their experience of personal self-esteem and psychological well-being. In Manuscript 1, I present a series of studies that were conducted with undergraduate students, Anglophone Quebecers, Francophone QuĂ©bĂ©cois, Chinese North Americans, and Aboriginal Canadians. In these five studies, the results demonstrate consistently positive associations among cultural identity clarity, personal identity clarity, and self-esteem and markers of subjective well-being. Beyond this, the results confirm that personal identity clarity mediates the relationship between cultural identity clarity and both self-esteem and well-being in all cultural groups. Having clear and confident beliefs about one's cultural group is associated with having clear and confident beliefs about one's personal self, which in turn predicts markers of psychological adjustment. In Manuscript 2, I explore the causal direction of the relationship between cultural identity clarity and self-esteem and well-being. A novel methodology involving computer-mediated communication is used to manipulate cultural identity clarity in a laboratory context. In two experiments, negotiating a computer-mediated social interaction with a clear culParmi les chercheurs et les professionnels qui travaillent avec les membres des groupes sociaux les plus dĂ©savantagĂ©s, il existe un consensus grandissant : l'identitĂ© culturelle est au cƓur de l'ajustement psychologique. InspirĂ© par ses expĂ©riences avec les groupes Autochtones du Canada et par celles avec les Afro-AmĂ©ricains aux États-Unis, Taylor (1997, 2002) a proposĂ© une nouvelle thĂ©orie de l'identitĂ©. Cette thĂ©orie stipule que sans une identitĂ© culturelle claire, il est impossible de possĂ©der les assises normatives nĂ©cessaires Ă  la construction d'une identitĂ© personnelle claire. Ainsi, possĂ©der une identitĂ© culturelle claire est ce qui permet aux individus d'acquĂ©rir une estime de soi positive ainsi qu'un niveau de bien-ĂȘtre psychologique Ă©levĂ©. Dans le programme de recherche mit de l'avant par la prĂ©sente thĂšse, je propose d'Ă©tudier empiriquement, et pour la premiĂšre fois, le lien prĂ©dictif entre la clartĂ© de l'identitĂ© culturelle, l'estime de soi et le bien-ĂȘtre psychologique. Dans le premier manuscrit, je prĂ©sente une sĂ©rie d'Ă©tudes qui ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es auprĂšs de diffĂ©rentes populations, soit des Ă©tudiants universitaires de premier cycle, des QuĂ©bĂ©cois anglophones, des QuĂ©bĂ©cois francophones, des Nord-AmĂ©ricains de descendance chinoise et finalement, des Canadiens autochtones. Dans ces cinq Ă©tudes, les rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent que la clartĂ© de l'identitĂ© culturelle est positivement associĂ©e Ă  la clartĂ© de l'identitĂ© personnelle, Ă  l'estime de soi, et aux diffĂ©rentes mesures de bien-ĂȘtre psychologique. Par ailleurs, les rĂ©sultats obtenus confirment le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur de la clartĂ© de l'identitĂ© personnelle entre la clartĂ© de l'identitĂ© culturelle et 1) l'estime de soi et 2) le bien-ĂȘtre psychologique. Ainsi, possĂ©der des croyances claires Ă  propos de son groupe culturel permet de possĂ©der des croyances claires Ă  propos de soi, ce qui
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