Antibiotic resistance of S. pneumoniae and H. influnenzae strains isolated from the patients with community respiratory tract infections

Community respiratory tract infections are common in clinical practice. Antimicrobial treatment should be promptly administered taking into account a probable etiology and local patterns of bacterial resistance according to the clinical presentation. Bacterial resistance is widespread, with large geographical variations related to antibiotics prescription. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae are the most frequent pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections etiology. We have analyzed 2554 S. pneumoniae strains and 156 H. influenzae strains isolated during 2010-2012, mainly from sputum (69.2% and 76.7% respectively of total isolated strains). We have observed a high proportion of strains of S. pneumoniae resistant to oxacillin (75.3%), to co-trimoxazole (62.9%) and to penicillin (62.8%). H. influenzae strains have been resistant to aztreonam in 92.1% of cases and to ampicillin – in 26%. Antibiotic susceptibility testing has been conducted through Kirby-Bauer technique. The interpretation of the results has been carried out in accordance with the criteria recommended by NCCLS. In the case of H. influenzae strains the environment Hemophilus test has been selected and in the case of S. pneumoniae strains the environment based on Agar Mueller Hinton blood has been used. For quality control in determining the sensitivity of strains, the strains of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and H. influenzae ATCC 49247 have been used

Ventilation and oxygenation of major trauma patients in ICU

Centrul Național Stiințifico-Practic de Medicină de Urgență, Catedra Anesteziologie Reanimatologie Nr. 1, USMF „N. Testemițanu”, Conferinţa a XI-a Naţională a ortopezilor-tramatologi din Republica Moldova “Politraumatisme – concepţii contemporane de diagnostic şi tratament”, 21 mai 2009, Chișinău, Republica MoldovaAstăzi traumatismul este comparat cu o epidemie. Unul din obiectivele de bază a managementului traumatismului major este oxigenarea și ventilația pulmonară. În articolul nostru am studiat câteva aspecte de VAP (ventilația artificială pulmonară) în traumatismele majore – indicațiile și regimurile VAP, ca unul din componenții complexului de tratament în traumatismul major cât și câteva aspecte ale strategiei ventilației pulmonare protective (protective lung ventilation).Currently trauma is recognized as an epidemic. One of priority directions in major trauma management is oxygenation and ventilation. In our article we have studied some aspects of mechanical ventilation in major trauma: indications and modes, as one important component in the management of major trauma, some aspects of use of protective lung ventilation

The obtaining of three-dimensional extracellular liver matrix

Laboratorul de inginerie tisulară și culturi celulare, USMF „Nicolae Testemițanu”, Chișinău, Republica Moldova, Conferința stiințifică „Nicolae Anestiadi – nume etern al chirurgiei basarabene” consacrată centenarului de la nașterea profesorului Nicolae Anestiadi 26 august 2016Introducere. Creşterea numărului persoanelor ce necesită transplant de ficat şi insuficienţa donatorilor de organe, cât şi avansarea în bioinginerie a permis dezvoltarea de noi strategii terapeutice ce presupun generarea organelor artificiale funcţionale, obţinute prin tehnologia de decelularizare şi crearea matricei extracelulare şi recelularizarea ulterioară acestora. Scop. actualei lucrări este obţinerea unei matrice prin decelularizarea ficatului cu păstrarea arborelui vascular al acestuia. Materiale şi metode. În calitate de obiect de studiu au servit ficați de şobolan (n=9) care au fost supuse decelularizării cu soluţie sodiu dodecilsulfat de 0,1 şi 0,5 % şi cu combinaţia de sodiu dodecilsulfat de 0,1 şă 0,5 % şi anticuagulant. Ulterior, s-a efectuat extracţia acizilor nucleici conform protocolului de extracţie QIAamp Blood Mini Kit (2003). Rezultate. În urma decelularizării ţesutului hepatic am obţinut matrice hepatice decelularizate. Cuantificarea acizilor nucleici a relevat existenţa unei mici cantităţi de ADN 1,04±0,43 ng/μl, * p<0,05 în matricile decelularizate cu anticuagulant şi soluţie sodiu dodecilsulfat. Prin metoda de decelularizare numai cu agent de decelularizare SDS am obţinut o cantitate mai mare de acizi nucleici fapt ce a relevat o decelularizare mai puţin eficientă 5.2 ± 2.19 ng/μl, * p<0,05. Concluzii. Cuantificarea conţinutului de acizi nucleici a matricilor decelularizate prin metoda cu anticoagulant şi detergent SDS a determinat valori mai mici de acizi nucleici, ceea ce denotă o decelularizare mai eficientă a segmentelor de ţesut hepatic decelularizat şi obţinerea unei bioconstrucţii pentru recelularizare.Introduction. The growing of people number who need the liver transplant and the insufficiency of organ donors, as the advancement in bioengineering has enabled the development of new therapeutic strategies which involve generation of functional artificial organ, obtained by the decellularization technology and create extracellular matrix and their subsequent recellularisation. Purpose. Is to obtain a liver matrix by decellularization and to maintain its vascular tree. Materials and methods. As the object of this study they served rat livers (n = 9) which were subjected to decellularization with sodium dodecyl sulfate solution 0.1 and 0.5% and the combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.1 to 0.5% and anticoagulant. Subsequently, the extraction of nucleic acids was performed according to the protocol QIAamp Blood Mini Kit (2003). Results. After the liver tissue decellularization we obtained the matrix of decellularised liver. The quantification of nucleic acids revealed the existence of a small amount of DNA 1.04 ± 0.43 ng/μl, * p<0,05 in decellularised matrix with sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and anticoagulant. After decellularization by the method with SDS exclusively, we obtained a larger amount of nucleic acids which revealed a less efficient decellularization 5.2 ± 2.19 ng/μl, * p <0.05. Conclusions. The quantification of nucleic acids content of decellularised matrix by the method with anticoagulant and detergent SDS, they resulted lower values of nucleic acids, which suggested a more efficient decellularization of liver tissue segments and we achieved a decellularised bioconstruction for recellularisation

Interhospital transportation of major trauma patients in the Republic of Moldova

NCEM (Centre of Emergency Medicine), SMPhU (State Medical and Pharmaceutical University) „N. Testemitanu”, Congresul II Internaţional al Societăţii Anesteziologie Reanimatologie din Republica Moldova 27-30 august 2009Actuality Transportation of major trauma patients to, between, and within hospitals can be associated with potentially adverse events. Researchers have shown that increased vigilance, appropriate equipment, and well-trained personnel can lead to improved safety while major trauma patients are being transported. The aim of the study is to evaluate interhospital transportation of major trauma patients from district hospitals to trauma center on territory the Republic of Moldova. Materials and Methods Was performed retrospective analysis of 39 patients from archive, transferred from regional hospitals to National Centre of Emergency Medicine (NCEM) during the year 2008. Age between 20-74 years, 30 males, 9 females. Severity of trauma was evaluated according to NISS (New Injury Severity Score) with average value 45,1 ± 10,3 points, and MPMoIII (Mortality Probability Admission Model), with average value 67,3±18,9%. Patients were analyzed in dependencies on period of trauma, on distance and on severity of trauma. Results In table №1 is represented two comparable groups according to number of patients, gender, age, NISS. Patients who were transported before 48 hours were influenced by transportation more vastly (MPMoIII is higher) and had mortality in two times above. Rate of mortality was less for patients who were transported from distance < 70 km (table №2). Rate of mortality was directly dependant on severity of trauma (NISS) and conditions at admission (MPMoIII) in trauma center (table №3) and increased vastly in cause NISS>40 or MPMoIII>70%. Conclusions 1. It was observed some tendencies for major trauma patients during transportation. They depend on phase of trauma, distance between hospitals and severity of trauma according to NISS and MPMoIII. 2. The transportation of major trauma patients needs optimization through increasing caution, good equipping and special trained personal. 3. Activity of Department of Emergency Medicine should be directed on achievement of “Golden Hour” strategy in all territory the Republic of Moldova

Changes in Cervical Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence at a Youth Clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, a Decade After the Introduction of the HPV Vaccine

Aim: This study aimed to follow the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) catch-up and vaccination on the very high cervical HPV-prevalence in women at a youth clinic in central Stockholm during the period 2008–2018.Background: 2008–2010, cervical HPV-prevalence (69.5%) and HPV16 prevalence (34.7%) were high in non-vaccinated women at a youth clinic in Stockholm. 2013–2015, after the introduction of the quadrivalent-Gardasil® HPV-vaccine, HPV16 and HPV6 prevalence had decreased. Here, cervical HPV-prevalence was investigated 10 years after primary sampling.Material and Methods: 2017–2018, 178 cervical swabs, from women aged 15–23 years old, were tested for 27 HPV types by a bead-based multiplex method. HPV-prevalence data were then related to vaccination status and age and compared to HPV-prevalence in 615 samples from 2008 to 2010 and 338 samples from 2013 to 2015 from the same clinic, and to HPV types in 143 cervical cancer cases during 2003–2008 in Stockholm.Results: The proportion of vaccinated women increased from 10.7% (2008–2010) to 82.1% (2017–2018). The prevalence of all 27 HPVs, all high-risk HPVs (HR-HPVs) and the combined presence of the quadrivalent-Gardasil® types HPV16, 18, 6, and 11, was lower in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated women (67.4 vs. 93.3%, p = 0.0031, 60.1 vs. 86.7%, p = 0.0057 and 5.8 vs. 26.7%, p = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, HPV16 prevalence in non-vaccinated women 2017–2018 was lower than that in 2008–2010 (16.7 and 34.7%, respectively, p = 0.0471) and similar trends were observed for HPV18 and 11. In both vaccinated and non-vaccinated women, the most common non-quadrivalent-Gardasil® vaccine HR-HPV types were HPV39, 51, 52, 56, and 59. Together they accounted for around 9.8% of cervical cancer cases in Stockholm during 2003–2008, and their prevalence tended to have increased during 2017–2018 compared to 2008–2010.Conclusion: Quadrivalent-Gardasil® vaccination has decreased HPV-vaccine type prevalence significantly. However, non-vaccine HR-HPV types remain high in potentially high-risk women at a youth clinic in Stockholm

What Are You Looking At? Team Fight Prediction Through Player Camera

Esport is a large and still growing industry with vast audiences. Multiplayer Online Battle Arenas (MOBAs), a sub-genre of esports, possess a very complex environment, which often leads to experts missing important coverage while broadcasting live competitions. One common game event that holds significant importance for broadcasting is referred to as a team fight engagement. Professional player's own knowledge and understanding of the game may provide a solution to this problem. This paper suggests a model that predicts and detects ongoing team fights in a live scenario. This approach outlines a novel technique of deriving representations of a complex game environment by relying on player knowledge. This is done by analysing the positions of the in-game characters and their associated cameras, utilising this data to train a neural network. The proposed model is able to both assist in the production of live esport coverage as well as provide a live, expert-derived, analysis of the game without the need of relying on outside sources

Espon-Interstrat. Espon in Integrated Territorial Strategies.

The INTERSTRAT project’s overall aim is “to encourage and facilitate the use of ESPON 2013 Programme findings in the creation and monitoring of Integrated Territorial Development Strategies (ITDS) and to support transnational learning about the actual and potential contribution of ESPON to integrated policy-making.” We defined integrated territorial development as ‘the process of shaping economic, social and environmental change through spatially sensitive policies and programmes’

A Pan-GTPase inhibitor as a molecular probe

Overactive GTPases have often been linked to human diseases. The available inhibitors are limited and have not progressed far in clinical trials. We report here a first-in-class small molecule pan-GTPase inhibitor discovered from a high throughput screening campaign. The compound CID1067700 inhibits multiple GTPases in biochemical, cellular protein and protein interaction, as well as cellular functional assays. In the biochemical and protein interaction assays, representative GTPases from Rho, Ras, and Rab, the three most generic subfamilies of the GTPases, were probed, while in the functional assays, physiological processes regulated by each of the three subfamilies of the GTPases were examined. The chemical functionalities essential for the activity of the compound were identified through structural derivatization. The compound is validated as a useful molecular probe upon which GTPase-targeting inhibitors with drug potentials might be developed

Resting-State Functional Connectivity between Fronto-Parietal and Default Mode Networks in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by an excessive focus on upsetting or disturbing thoughts, feelings, and images that are internally-generated. Internally-focused thought processes are subserved by the ‘‘default mode network’ ’ (DMN), which has been found to be hyperactive in OCD during cognitive tasks. In healthy individuals, disengagement from internally-focused thought processes may rely on interactions between DMN and a frontoparietal network (FPN) associated with external attention and task execution. Altered connectivity between FPN and DMN may contribute to the dysfunctional behavior and brain activity found in OCD. Methods: The current study examined interactions between FPN and DMN during rest in 30 patients with OCD (17 unmedicated) and 32 control subjects (17 unmedicated). Timecourses from seven fronto-parietal seeds were correlated across the whole brain and compared between groups. Results: OCD patients exhibited altered connectivity between FPN seeds (primarily anterior insula) and several regions of DMN including posterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal cortex, posterior inferior parietal lobule, and parahippocampus. These differences were driven largely by a reduction of negative correlations among patients compared to controls. Patients also showed greater positive connectivity between FPN and regions outside DMN, including thalamus, lateral frontal cortex, and somatosensory/motor regions