Effects of αs1-casein (CSN1S1) and κ-casein (CSN3) genotypes on milk coagulation properties in Murciano-Granadina goats

The effects of the caprine αs1-casein (CSN1S1) polymorphisms on milk quality and cheese yield have been widely studied in French and Italian goat breeds. Much less is known about the consequences of κ-casein (CSN3) genotype on the technological and coagulation properties of goat milk. In the current study, we have performed an association analysis between polymorphisms at the goat CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes and milk coagulation (rennet coagulation time, curdling rate and curd firmness) and technological (time to cutting of curd and cheese yield) properties. In this analysis, we have included 193 records from 74 Murciano-Granadina goats (with genotypes constituted by different combinations of alleles B, E and F of the gene CSN1S1 and alleles A and B of the gene CSN3) distributed in three herds, which were collected bimonthly during a whole lactation. Data analysis, using a linear mixed model for repeated observations, revealed significant associations between CSN1S1 genotypes and the rate of the curdling process. In this way, milk from EE goats had a significantly higher curdling rate than milk from BB individuals (PAB, P<0·05) but not on cheese yield. No interaction between the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genotypes was observed.This work was funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2002-04304-C03-02- GAN).Peer reviewe

Effect of αs1-casein (CSN1S1) genotype on milk CSN1S1 content in Malagueña and Murciano-Granadina goats

There is substantial evidence showing that the polymorphism of the goat αs1-casein (CSN1S1) gene has a major effect on milk protein, casein and fat content as well as on cheese yield. However, its influence on the synthesis rate of CSN1S1 has been less studied, with measurements only available in French breeds. In this article, we have measured milk CSN1S1 content in 89 Malagueña and 138 Murciano-Granadina goats with 305 and 460 phenotypic registers, respectively. In the Malagueña breed, average values of CSN1S1 content estimated for BB, BF, EE and FF genotypes were 6·94±0·38, 5·36±0·22, 4·58±0·13 and 3·98±0·27 g/l, respectively, being all significantly different (P<0·05). Conversely, in the Murciano-Granadina breed only the BB genotype (8·50±0·60 g/l) was significantly associated with increased levels of CSN1S1 (P<0·05), whereas BF (6·56±0·82 g/l), EE (6·39±0·60 g/l) and EF (6·91±0·76 g/l) genotypes displayed non-significant differences when compared with each other. Our results highlight the existence of breed-specific genetic and/or environmental factors modulating the impact of the CSN1S1 gene polymorphism on the synthesis rate of the corresponding protein.This work was funded with grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (1FD1997-1052-C02-01 and AGL2002- 04304-C03-02-GAN).Peer reviewe

Analyse d’association entre un polymorphisme non synonyme dans le gène SREBF1 et la production et la composition laitières chez les chèvres.

[EN]: Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) regulates the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. Herewith, we have sequenced the near-complete coding region and part of the 3′UTR of the goat SREBF1 gene. In doing so, we have detected a missense c.353C>T polymorphism causing a proline to leucine substitution at position 118 (P118L). An association analysis with milk composition traits recorded in Murciano-Granadina goats only revealed a statistical tendency linking SREBF1 genotype and milk omega-3 fatty acid content. The lack of significant associations suggests that the P118L substitution does not involve a functional change.[FR]: Le facteur de transcription dénommé Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) régule l'expression des gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse des acides gras et du cholestérol. Dans cette étude, nous avons séquencé la quasi-totalité de la région codante et une partie du la région 3′UTR du gène SREBF1 de la chèvre. Ce travail, nous a permis d'identifier un polymorphisme non-synonyme c.353C> T causant la substitution d'une Proline en Leucine à la position 118. L’étude d'association avec la composition du lait enregistrée en chèvres Murciano-Granadina, a révélé seulement une tendance statistique reliant SREBF1 génotype et l'acide gras oméga-3 du lait. L'absence d'associations significatives suggère que la substitution P118L n'implique pas un changement fonctionnel.This research was funded by projects AGL2007-66161-C02-01 and AGL2007-66161-C02-02. A. Zidi received fellowships of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation and Development and of the Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG). Arianna Manunza received a postdoctoral fellowship from the Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG).Peer reviewe

Identificación de polimorfismos en genes relacionados con el metabolismo lipídico en ganado caprino

Trabajo presentado a las XIII Jornadas sobre Producción Animal (AIDA), celebradas en Zaragoza los días 12 y 13 de mayo de 2009.Este trabajo de investigación se ha financiado en el contexto del proyecto CICYT AGL2007-66161-C02-02 concedido por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Alí Zidi ha sido beneficiario de una beca predoctoral de la Agencia Española de Cooperación (AECI) y, posteriormente, de otra del Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG).Peer reviewe

Variation at the 3′-UTR of the goat α

Brief note.This research was funded by projects AGL2007-66161-C02-01 and AGL2007-66161-C02-02. A. Zidi received fellowships of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation and Development and of the Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics.Peer reviewe

Variation at the 3′-UTR of the goat αS2- and β-casein genes is not associated with milk protein and dry matter contents in Murciano-Granadina goats

Brief note.This research was funded by projects AGL2007-66161-C02-01 and AGL2007-66161-C02-02. A. Zidi received fellowships of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation and Development and of the Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics.Peer reviewe

Genetic variation at the caprine lactalbumin, alpha (LALBA) gene and its association with milk lactose concentration

Brief Note.This research was funded by projects AGL2007-66161-C02-01 and AGL2007-66161-C02-02. A. Zidi received fellowships of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation and Development and of the Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics.Peer reviewe

Identification of two paralogous caprine CD36 genes that display highly divergent mRNA expression profiles

The CD36 molecule plays a pivotal role in a variety of immunological and cellular processes, including pathogen recognition, inflammation and apoptosis. Herein, we demonstrate that this gene is duplicated in goats, with two copies (CD36 and CD36-like) that display highly divergent mRNA expression profiles. In this way, CD36 mRNA is mostly expressed in the adipose tissue and heart whilst CD36-like mRNA shows a high expression in the liver. We have also found evidence of the presence of two paralogous CD36 and CD36-like genes in the bovine genome, suggesting that CD36 duplication took place before goat–cattle radiation, i.e. at least 20 MYR ago. Finally, we have characterized the polymorphism of the coding regions of the goat CD36 and CD36-like genes. In doing so, we have identified one synonymous polymorphism at the CD36-like gene (c.390A>C) that displays a significant association (P = 0.04) with milk somatic cell count, a parameter often used to diagnose mastitis in domestic ruminants.This research was funded by projects AGL2007-66161-C02-01 and AGL2007-66161-C02-02. A. Zidi received fellowships of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation and Development and of the Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG).Peer reviewe

Analysing the diversity of the caprine melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in goats with distinct geographic origins

WOS: 000390626600002In humans, the variability of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene has been associated with geography, being mainly determined by the amount of exposure to sunlight. Studies performed in pigs have also evidenced the existence of a geographic component in the distribution of MC1R haplotypes, probably as a consequence of an ancient split between Asian and European wild boars. Herewith, we have partially resequenced the caprine MC1R coding region in 58 goats from distinct geographic locations i.e. Colombia, Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Romania, Iran and Africa. The resulting dataset was merged with 39 previously published caprine MC1R sequences and a median joining network was built. This phylogenetic analysis did not yield any evidence of a relationship between geography and the clustering of caprine MC1R sequences, a result that was confirmed by performing a Mantel test with a previously published dataset of nine goat breeds (N = 319) with available MC1R genotypes. The majority of caprine MC1R variation was non-synonymous (c.676A > G, c.748G >T, c.764G > A and c.801C > G) and predicted to have functional effects. An analysis of goat MC1R sequences with the PAML 4 software provided evidence that two SNPs (c.764G > A and c.801C>G) might evolve under positive selection. The apparent lack of any link between caprine MC1R variation and geography might be explained by a complex array of factors including artificial selection for pigmentation phenotypes and recent divergence amongst goat breeds. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity [SEV-2015-0533]; CAPES Foundation-Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education, Ministry of Education (MEC) of the Federal Government of BrazilThanks to Jose Gutierrez Plasencia for helping in goat sampling. We also acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity for the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa 2016-2019 (SEV-2015-0533) grant awarded to the Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics. Taina F Cardoso was funded with a fellowship from the CAPES Foundation-Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education, Ministry of Education (MEC) of the Federal Government of Brazil