15 research outputs found
Dependence of the size of nanoparticles of lead sulfide PbS on the chemical affinity of its formation reaction
ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ZnS
The paper is devoted to kinetic methods of chemical bath deposition of zinc sulfide ZnS from aqueous alkaline solutions containing ehylenediamine complex zinc salt Zn(En)n 2+ and diamide of thiocarbonic acid N2H4CS. It is established that the rate of formation of ZnS is weakly dependent on pH, depends on the concentration of the precipitant ((N2H4CS) and decreases with increasing concentration of ligand (ethylenediamine). The calculation of the theoretical curves on the experimentally obtained kinetic equation shows a satisfactory description of experimental data that allows to recommend it to calculate the rate of formation of ZnS in aqueous alkaline solutions of N2H4CS.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ZnS ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Zn(En)n 2+ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ N2H4CS. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ZnS ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ, Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ (N2H4CS) ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄Π° (ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°). Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ZnS Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
N2H4CS.This work was done under financial support from RFBR (Project 16-03-00566).Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π Π€Π€Π (ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ β 16-03-00566)
ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ZnS
The paper is devoted to kinetic methods of chemical bath deposition of zinc sulfide ZnS from aqueous alkaline solutions containing ehylenediamine complex zinc salt Zn(En)n2+ and diamide of thiocarbonic acid N2H4CS. It is established that the rate of formation of ZnS is weakly dependent on pH, depends on the concentration of the precipitant ((N2H4CS) and decreases with increasing concentration of ligand (ethylenediamine). The calculation of the theoretical curves on the experimentally obtained kinetic equation shows a satisfactory description of experimental data that allows to recommend it to calculate the rate of formation of ZnS in aqueous alkaline solutions of N2H4CS.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ZnS ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Zn(En)n2+ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ N2H4CS. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ZnS ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ, Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ (N2H4CS) ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄Π° (ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°). Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ZnS Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
N2H4CS
Statistical Assessment of Cetacean Stranding Events in Cape Cod Area
Cetacean (whales, dolphins and porpoises) mass strandings are a longstanding mystery in the field of marine biology that continue to be recorded in coastal environments around the world. For each of these events, anywhere from a few to several hundred otherwise healthy animals strand in onshore environments, often for no apparent reason. While the causes of these events remain unclear, anthropogenic and naturogenic mechanisms have been suggested. We present results of an inter-disciplinary study that draws expertise from space weather, marine mammal biology and ecology, and marine mammal stranding response. This study assessed 16 years of cetacean stranding events in the Cape Cod (Massachusetts, USA) area concurrently with a large dataset of meteorological, geophysical, biological, oceanographic and space weather data to produce inferences about possible causes for these unexplained events
Dependence of the size of nanoparticles of lead sulfide PbS on the chemical affinity of its formation reaction
Considering the polynuclear complexes in the ionic equilibria of the Pb2+-H2O system
Analysis of conditions of the lead hydroxide and sulfide formation in the Pb 2+-H 2O system was carried out with accounting for the formation of polynuclear hydroxo-complexes. This allows predicting a possibility of the lead hydroxide formation in the solution before the beginning of the synthesis of lead sulfide. The domains of the stable formation of Pb(OH) 2 and PbS were calculated for the systems containing lead citrate complexes and hydroxo-complexes. The proposed calculation method can be used for the quantitative determination of the reaction mixture composition and development of the chemical deposition technology of lead chalcogenides in different morphological forms: nanocrystalline powders (hydrophobic sol), quantum dots, heterostructures of the core@shell type or films. The proposed calculation method is applicable to other chalcogenide systems containing metal ions forming mononuclear and polynuclear hydroxo-complexes. Β© 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd