Multiethnicity among young people in French Guiana

The Guyanese society is a mixture of various different linguistic groups. French is the official and school language. But many other languages are used: Guyanese Creole, European languages spoken by immigrants (roughly 40 percent of the population), Creole from the forest and indigenous Amerindian languages. What is the future for such a community in which the mosaic of cultures and languages collide rather than interact? Τhis paper focuses on this issue from the angle of group identity. It analyses the answers to open questions asked of students who inherit from both the cultures of their communities and from mainstream values provided by French Republican teachings. A lexico-semantic analysis shows how the “other” is perceived by the members of those communities.De nombreuses communautés linguistiques et culturelles cohabitent dans l'espace guyanais. La langue officielle et langue d'éducation est le français. Viennent ensuite le créole guyanais, les langues occidentales des groupes de migrants, les créoles de la forêt et les langues amérindiennes autochtones. Quel sera le futur de la société guyanaise et de ces communautés qui se côtoient mais ne se mélangent pas trop ? L'A. propose une approche à la réalité identitaire de ces groupes. A partir des réponses libres (discours ordinaires) d'élèves de collèges et lycées - héritiers de la culture du groupe ou récepteurs de la culture officielle à l'école républicaine - il effectue une analyse lexico-sémantique sur les regards croisés entre les membres des diverses communautés

The Port service area project, Santander: Central state and local authority intervention in the planning and development of a port-side industrial zone

This article reports on a case study research project that examines the planning and development of a port-side industrial zone in the Franco era in Santander, Spain. The case study illustrates some key features of central and local authority intervention in the area, which may be of value and interest to planners and politicians working in similar politico-administrative environments. The study concludes that, as regards plan implementation, the development of the Port Service Area involved contravention of the statutory approved urban plan for the area and irregularities in planning procedure. Despite these shortcomings, the development of the Port Service Area has been an economic and strategic success

Mass Incarceration: Causes, Impact and Recommendations for Reform

This thesis examines the current state of mass incarceration in the United States. In addition to noting the historical factors that led to such high levels of imprisonment, I analyze crime trends and the fiscal and social impact that incarceration rates continue to have on American society. Lastly, I provide nonpartisan analysis and recommendations for future reform intended to reduce these costs without sacrificing public safety

The fate of dense scalar stars

Long-lived pseudo-solitonic objects, known as oscillons/oscillatons, which we collectively call real scalar stars, are ubiquitous in early Universe cosmology of scalar field theories. Typical examples are axions stars and moduli stars. Using numerical simulations in full general relativity to include the effects of gravity, we study the fate of real scalar stars and find that depending on the scalar potential they are either meta-stable or collapse to black holes. In particular we find that for KKLT potentials the configurations are meta-stable despite the asymmetry of the potential, consistently with the results from lattice simulations that do not include gravitational effects. For α-attractor potentials collapse to black holes is possible in a region of the parameter space where scalar stars would instead seem to be meta-stable or even disperse without including gravity. Each case gives rise to different cosmological implications which may affect the stochastic spectrum of gravitational waves