Physiological Impact of Abnormal Lipoxin A 4

Lipoxin A4 has been described as a major signal for the resolution of inflammation and is abnormally produced in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In CF, the loss of chloride transport caused by the mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl− channel gene results in dehydration, mucus plugging, and reduction of the airway surface liquid layer (ASL) height which favour chronic lung infection and neutrophil based inflammation leading to progressive lung destruction and early death of people with CF. This review highlights the unique ability of LXA4 to restore airway surface hydration, to stimulate airway epithelial repair, and to antagonise the proinflammatory program of the CF airway, circumventing some of the most difficult aspects of CF pathophysiology. The report points out novel aspects of the cellular mechanism involved in the physiological response to LXA4, including release of ATP from airway epithelial cell via pannexin channel and subsequent activation of and P2Y11 purinoreceptor. Therefore, inadequate endogenous LXA4 biosynthesis reported in CF exacerbates the ion transport abnormality and defective mucociliary clearance, in addition to impairing the resolution of inflammation, thus amplifying the vicious circle of airway dehydration, chronic infection, and inflammation

Large ring 1,3-bridged 2-azetidinones: experimental and theoretical studies

The relationship between angular strain and (re)activity of bicyclic 2-azetidinones is still an open question of major concern in the field of penicillin antibiotics. Our study deals with original 13-membered-ring 1,3-bridged 2-azetidinones related to the carbapenem family, and featuring a "planar amide" instead of the "twisted amide" typical of penam derivatives. The bicycles 11 and 12 were obtained from acetoxy-azetidinone 7, via the key-intermediate 10, by using the RCM (ring closing metathesis) strategy. Theoretical predictions and experimental results of hydrolysis showed that the large bicycle 12, endowed with high conformational flexibility, is more reactive than the bicycle 11, including a C=C bond of E configuration, and the monocyclic 2-azetidinone precursor 10. The processing of 2-azetidinones 10-12 in the active site of serine enzymes has been computed by ab initio methods, considering three models. Due to geometrical parameters of the enzymic cavity (nucleophilic attack from the alpha-face), precursor 10 was predicted more active than 11 and 12 in the acylation step by Ser-OH. Indeed, bicycles 11 and 12 are modest inhibitors of PBP2a, while 10 is a good to excellent inhibitor of PBP2a and R39 bacterial enzymes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Physiological levels of lipoxin A4 inhibit ENaC and restore airway surface liquid height in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium.

In cystic fibrosis (CF), the airway surface liquid (ASL) is depleted. We previously demonstrated that lipoxin A4 (LXA4) can modulate ASL height (ASLh) through actions on Cl(-) transport. Here, we report novel effects of lipoxin on the epithelial Na(+) channel ENaC in this response. ASL dynamics and ion transport were studied using live-cell confocal microscopy and short-circuit current measurements in CF (CuFi-1) and non-CF (NuLi-1) cell cultures. Low physiological concentrations of LXA4 in the picomolar range produced an increase in ASLh which was dependent on inhibition of an amiloride-sensitive Na(+) current and stimulation of a bumetanide-sensitive Cl(-) current. These ion transport and ASLh responses to LXA4 were blocked by Boc-2 an inhibitor of the specific LXA4 receptor ALX/FPR2. LXA4 affected the subcellular localization of its receptor and enhanced the localization of ALX/FPR2 at the apical membrane of CF cells. Our results provide evidence for a novel effect of low physiological concentrations of LXA4 to inhibit airway epithelial Na(+) absorption that results in an ASL height increase in CF airway epithelia

Identification of Differential Responses of Goat PBMCs to PPRV Virulence Using a Multi-Omics Approach.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute transboundary infectious viral disease of small ruminants, mainly sheep and goats. Host susceptibility varies considerably depending on the PPR virus (PPRV) strain, the host species and breed. The effect of strains with different levels of virulence on the modulation of the immune system has not been thoroughly compared in an experimental setting so far. In this study, we used a multi-omics approach to investigate the host cellular factors involved in different infection phenotypes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Saanen goats were activated with a T-cell mitogen and infected with PPRV strains of different virulence: Morocco 2008 (high virulence), Ivory Coast 1989 (low virulence) and Nigeria 75/1 (live attenuated vaccine strain). Our results showed that the highly virulent strain replicated better than the other two in PBMCs and rapidly induced cell death and a stronger inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. However, all the strains affected lymphocyte proliferation and induced upregulation of key antiviral genes and proteins, meaning a classical antiviral response is orchestrated regardless of the virulence of the PPRV strain. On the other hand, the highly virulent strain induced stronger inflammatory responses and activated more genes related to lymphocyte migration and recruitment, and inflammatory processes. Both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches were successful in detecting viral and antiviral effectors under all conditions. The present work identified key immunological factors related to PPRV virulence in vitro

Lipoxin A4 Stimulates Calcium-Activated Chloride Currents and Increases Airway Surface Liquid Height in Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterised by a deficit in epithelial Cl− secretion which in the lung leads to airway dehydration and a reduced Airway Surface Liquid (ASL) height. The endogenous lipoxin LXA4 is a member of the newly identified eicosanoids playing a key role in ending the inflammatory process. Levels of LXA4 are reported to be decreased in the airways of patients with CF. We have previously shown that in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, LXA4 produced a rapid and transient increase in intracellular Ca2+. We have investigated, the effect of LXA4 on Cl− secretion and the functional consequences on ASL generation in bronchial epithelial cells obtained from CF and non-CF patient biopsies and in bronchial epithelial cell lines. We found that LXA4 stimulated a rapid intracellular Ca2+ increase in all of the different CF bronchial epithelial cells tested. In non-CF and CF bronchial epithelia, LXA4 stimulated whole-cell Cl− currents which were inhibited by NPPB (calcium-activated Cl− channel inhibitor), BAPTA-AM (chelator of intracellular Ca2+) but not by CFTRinh-172 (CFTR inhibitor). We found, using confocal imaging, that LXA4 increased the ASL height in non-CF and in CF airway bronchial epithelia. The LXA4 effect on ASL height was sensitive to bumetanide, an inhibitor of transepithelial Cl− secretion. The LXA4 stimulation of intracellular Ca2+, whole-cell Cl− currents, conductances and ASL height were inhibited by Boc-2, a specific antagonist of the ALX/FPR2 receptor. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence for a novel role of LXA4 in the stimulation of intracellular Ca2+ signalling leading to Ca2+-activated Cl− secretion and enhanced ASL height in non-CF and CF bronchial epithelia

Effet de la lipoxine A4 sur l'épithélium bronchique humain

MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Effet des glucocorticoïdes et de la lipoxine A4 sur l'épithélium bronchique humain (rôle du calcium et du pH intracellulaires)

MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Régulation du canal KCNQ1 (KCNE3 par l'oestrogène dans l'épithélium de côlon.)

Contexte: KCNQ1: KCNE3 joue un rôle essentiel dans le mécanisme de sécrétion du Cl- dans le côlon distal. Ce canal K+ génère la force électromotrice nécessaire à la sécrétion apicale de Cl- par le recyclage basolatéral de K+. Il a précédemment été démontré que l'hormone stéroïde œstrogène (17b-œstradiol, E2) induit, spécifiquement chez la femelle un effet anti-sécrétoire dans les cryptes de côlon de rat via l'inhibition de KCNQ1:KCNE3. Cette thèse a pour but de déterminer les mécanismes moléculaires mise en jeu dans la régulation des fonctions du canal KCNQ1 par l'œstrogène, en particulier dans la sécrétion de Cl-, la prolifération et la migration des colonocytes. Cette thèse met en évidence la régulation de l'activité de KCNQ1 par l'œstrogène via l'endocytose et la dissociation du canal. Méthodes : Des cryptes isolées de côlon de rats ainsi que la lignée cellulaire HT29cl.19A ont été utilisées pour étudier les effets de l'œstrogène sur la sécrétion de Cl- et les fonctions du canal KCNQ1. Pour cela des techniques d'électrophysiologie, de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire ainsi que d'imagerie ont été utilisées. Résultats: Nous avons montré que l'œstrogène induit une rapide réduction de la sécrétion de Cl- et du courant KCNQ1; cette inhibition est maintenue au moins 2 heures. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'œstrogène induit une rapide internalisation du canal par la voie de signalisation suivante : PKC -AMPK-Nedd4.2. L'internalisation du canal est suivie d'un recyclage à la membrane qui présente un mécanisme bi-phasique; une phase rapide impliquant Rab4 et une phase plus lente via Rab11. L'œstrogène induit également une dissociation entre KCNQ1 et KCNE3 conduisant à la diminution de la conductance du canal. La thèse a également démontré le rôle de KCNQ1 dans la modulation de la migration des colonocytes induite par l'œstrogène. Conclusion : L'étude établit le rôle de l'œstrogène dans la régulation de la sécrétion d'électrolytes par la modulation de la densité de KCNQ1 à la membrane plasmique et la stabilité du complexe KCNQ1:KCNE3. Ici, est révélé un nouveau rôle pour KCNQ1 dans la modulation de la migration des colonocytes par l'œstrogène. Ainsi, l'œstrogène joue un rôle important dans l'homéostasie des cryptes de côlon par la régulation du taux de migration et de sécrétion des colonocytes.Background : The KCNQ1:KCNE3 K+ channel is an essential component of the Cl- secretion machinery in the distal colon. This channel provides the driving force for apical Cl- secretion by basolateral recycling of K+. The steroid hormone estrogen (17b-estradiol, E2) has previously been reported to exert a female specific anti-secretory response in colonic crypts through the inhibition of the KCNQ1: KCNE3 channel. The purpose of this study was to uncover and describe molecular mechanisms of estrogen regulation of KCNQ1 channel function and its consequences for intestinal Cl- secretion, colonocyte proliferation and migration. The thesis reveals a novel estrogen regulation of KCNQ1:KCNE3 activity by channel endocytosis and complex dissociation. Methods : Isolated rat colonic crypts as well as the colonic cell line HT29cl19A (HT29) were used to investigate estrogen effects on Cl- secretion and KCNQ1 channel function using a combination of electrophysiological, cellular and molecular biology and imaging techniques. Results : The forskolin-stimulated Cl- secretion and KCNQ1 current in rat colon and HT29 epithelia were rapidly reduced following estrogen treatment (10nM) and remained inhibited over 2 hours after estrogen exposure. Our findings revealed a rapid estrogen-promoted retrieval of KCNQ1 from the plasma membrane via a PKC -AMPK-Nedd4 .2 signaling pathway, followed by the recycling of the channel. The mechanism underlying recycling was biphasic; a rapid recycling phase mediated by Rab4 and a slow recycling phase mediated by Rab11. Estrogen also causes dissociation of the KCNQ1:KCNE3 channel complex resulting in collapse of the K+ channel conductance and Cl- secretion. The thesis also demonstrated that KCNQ1 plays a role in E2-modulated colonocyte migration. Conclusion : This study establishes a role for estrogen in the regulation of colonic electrolyte secretion via modulation of KCNQ1 cell membrane surface abundance and KCNQ1:KCNE3 complex formation. Here, we highlighted a new role of KCNQ1 in colonocyte migration which is also modulated by estrogen through KCNQ1. Thus, estrogen plays an important role in colonic crypt homeostasis by regulating colonocyte secretion and migration rate.MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocSudocFranceF

LXA 4

International audienc

Oestrogen promotes KCNQ1 potassium channel endocytosis and postendocytic trafficking in colonic epithelium

International audienc