自閉症児に対する模倣の研究

実験者が自閉症児の遊びを真似する逆模倣を行うことで生じる対人行動の変化から、自閉症児の他者への関心や他者意図理解についての検討を行った。対象は１０歳の自閉症児２名で、初対面の実験者と一緒に玩具の置いてある部屋で実験を行った。実験手続きとしては、（１）実験者は無表情で何もせずに座っている（Still Face１）、（２）対象児と同じ玩具で同じように遊ぶ、(３)無表情で何もせずに座っている（Still Face２）、（４）対象児の模倣にならないようにして玩具で遊ぶ、(５)無表情で何もせずに座っている（Still Face３）の５場面を設定し、SF１～３における対象児の実験者に対する対人行動を比較した。その結果、対象児が実験者に対して興味をもって働きかけを行ったことと、逆模倣条件においてわずかながら対象児からの働きかけが増えたことが認められた。このことから、自閉症児は学習や成長によって他者理解についての能力を発達させていることが示唆された。The present study examined the interests of children with autism in others and their understanding of others\u27 intention by investigating changes in interpersonal behavior during reverse imitation, in which the experimenter imitates the play of children with autism. Subjects were two 10-year-old children with autism, and the experiment was conducted in a room where toys were placed along with an unacquainted experimenter. The experiment was conducted in the following stages:1) The experimenter sits still without expression (Still Face1), 2) the experimenter plays with toys in the same way as the children,3) the experimenter sits still without expression (Still Face2), 4) the experimenter plays with toys without imitating the children, and5) the experimenter sits still without expression (Still Face3). The interpersonal behavior of children toward the experimenter was compared among SF 1-3. The results showed that the children expressed interest in the experimenter and attempted to engage the experimenter in nteraction, and that during reverse imitation the children had a slightly increased level of interaction. These findings suggest that children with autism develop the ability to understand others through learning and growth

The significance of cathepsins, thrombin and aminopeptidase in diffuse interstitial lung diseases

To determine the significance of proteases in interstitial lung diseases, we examined the activity of cathepsins, thrombin, and aminopeptidase in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with these disorders. Significantly increased activities of cathepsin H and aminopeptidase were detected in BAL fluid from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Significantly higher activity of cathepsin B was found in BAL fluid from patients with CEP. The activity of thrombin was significantly higher in patients with IPF and CEP. In patients with IPF, there were significant correlations between neutrophil number and the activity of cathepsin B, cathepsin H or aminopeptidase. In patients with COP and HP, the activity of the proteases was significantly higher in patients with higher number of lymphocytes than in those with lower number of lymphocytes. The present study suggests that the activity of the proteases is a useful marker in activity of the interstitial lung diseases, and may have a role in the pathogenesis of these disorders

野外活動実習における食事量および栄養バランスの調査 : 夏季・冬季実習編

We measured the energy intake and nutrient balance in outdoor activity camps opened for 5 days and 4 nights. The subjects were 40 junior college students (4 men and 13 women in summer camp, 7 men and 16 women in winter camp). The following results were obtained. 1) The ratio for the recommended allowance of energy intake of the 4-day average in the summer camp was 85%, and it fell below standard 100%. Therefore, there were 6 items (fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin 62, vitamin C) in the nutrient which did not reach 100%. From this fact, the guidance which sufficiently took the breakfast the future seemed to be the necessity in order to supplement the shortage in the nutrient (especially, carbohydrate and calcium ). Still, it seems that there is no problem on most menus concerning the nutrient balance. However, the ratio for the recommended allowance of iron intake remained only at 49% in the second meal. Therefore, it seems to be necessary that we will reexamine the menu in future. 2) The ratio for the recommended allowance of energy intake of the 4-day average in the winter camp was 105%, and it was almost correspondent to the recommended allowance. The nutrient in which the ratio was lower than 100% was the 2 items of carbohydrate (84%) and calcium (89%). However, there were about 1.5 times of the recommended allowances in both of fat (142%) and protein (152%). Still, it is considered that it was an allowance, though protein intake was high. In the future, we want to examine the menu over the value of this camp with much vitamin C considering cold prevention and reduction in the mental stress, etc.

野外活動実習における活動量と食事量の調査 : 夏季実習編

We measured the amount of physical activities, the intake of diet and weights, and obtained information by means of questionnaires of diet, in summer camps opened for five days and four nights in 1999 and 2000, of 43 junior college students (6 men and 37 women). The following results were obtained. 1) The mean steps counted by a pedometer (Kenz Calorie Counter Select 2) were about 10,000～14,500/day. 2) The intake of energy and protein, calculated from 5 day-food records filled by all participants, corresponded approximately to the energy expediture of each subject. 3) The mean weights of the 4th day decreased 0.7 kg (in 1999) or 1.0 kg (in 2000) as compared with those of the 3rd day, and recovered to the previous weights on the next day. 4) Most participants felt that the meals in camps were more delicious than the usual meals. In coming camps, it is necessary to make menus for moderating intestinal and energy metabolic disorders and preventing cold

野外活動実習における食事量および栄養バランスの調査 : 夏季・冬季実習編

We measured the energy intake and nutrient balance in outdoor activity camps opened for 5 days and 4 nights. The subjects were 40 junior college students (4 men and 13 women in summer camp, 7 men and 16 women in winter camp). The following results were obtained. 1) The ratio for the recommended allowance of energy intake of the 4-day average in the summer camp was 85%, and it fell below standard 100%. Therefore, there were 6 items (fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin 62, vitamin C) in the nutrient which did not reach 100%. From this fact, the guidance which sufficiently took the breakfast the future seemed to be the necessity in order to supplement the shortage in the nutrient (especially, carbohydrate and calcium ). Still, it seems that there is no problem on most menus concerning the nutrient balance. However, the ratio for the recommended allowance of iron intake remained only at 49% in the second meal. Therefore, it seems to be necessary that we will reexamine the menu in future. 2) The ratio for the recommended allowance of energy intake of the 4-day average in the winter camp was 105%, and it was almost correspondent to the recommended allowance. The nutrient in which the ratio was lower than 100% was the 2 items of carbohydrate (84%) and calcium (89%). However, there were about 1.5 times of the recommended allowances in both of fat (142%) and protein (152%). Still, it is considered that it was an allowance, though protein intake was high. In the future, we want to examine the menu over the value of this camp with much vitamin C considering cold prevention and reduction in the mental stress, etc.

野外活動実習における活動量と食事量の調査 : 冬季実習編

We measured the amount of physical activities, the intake of diet and weights, and obtained information by means of questionnaires of diet, in winter camps opened for five days and four nights in 1999, of 47 junior college students (22 men and 25 women). The following results were obtained. 1) The mean steps counted by a pedometer (Kenz Calorie Counter Select 2) were about 10,000～13,000/day. 2) The intake of energy and protein, calculated from 5 day-food records filled by all participants, corresponded approximately to the energy expediture of each subject. 3) The mean weights showed less change during five days. 4) Most participants felt that the meals in camps were more delicious than the usual meals. In coming camps, it is necessary to make menus for moderating intestinal and energy metabolic disorders and preventing cold

野外活動実習における活動量と食事量の調査 : 夏季実習編

We measured the amount of physical activities, the intake of diet and weights, and obtained information by means of questionnaires of diet, in summer camps opened for five days and four nights in 1999 and 2000, of 43 junior college students (6 men and 37 women). The following results were obtained. 1) The mean steps counted by a pedometer (Kenz Calorie Counter Select 2) were about 10,000～14,500/day. 2) The intake of energy and protein, calculated from 5 day-food records filled by all participants, corresponded approximately to the energy expediture of each subject. 3) The mean weights of the 4th day decreased 0.7 kg (in 1999) or 1.0 kg (in 2000) as compared with those of the 3rd day, and recovered to the previous weights on the next day. 4) Most participants felt that the meals in camps were more delicious than the usual meals. In coming camps, it is necessary to make menus for moderating intestinal and energy metabolic disorders and preventing cold

Lanthanum Deposition in the Stomach: Usefulness of Scanning Electron Microscopy for Its Detection

After having been treated with lanthanum carbonate administration for 4 years for hyperphosphatemia, a 75-year-old Japanese woman undergoing hemodialysis was diagnosed with lanthanum phosphate deposition in the stomach. The deposition, seen as white microgranules, was observed using esophagogastroduodenoscopy with magnifying observation. To the best of our knowledge, these are the minutest endoscopy images of lanthanum phosphate deposition in the gastric mucosa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation enabled easier identification of the deposited material, which was visible as bright areas. The present case suggests the usefulness of SEM observation in the detection of lanthanum phosphate deposition in the gastrointestinal tract