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Numerical modeling of microwave heating

The present study compares the temperature distribution within cylindrical samples heated in microwave furnace with those achieved in radiatively-heated (conventional) furnace. Using a two-dimensional finite difference approach the thermal profiles were simulated for cylinders of varying radii (0.65, 6.5, and 65 cm) and physical properties. The influence of susceptor-assisted microwave heating was also modeled for the same. The simulation results reveal differences in the heating behavior of samples in microwaves. The efficacy of microwave heating depends on the sample size and its thermal conductivity

Participatory Mechanism for Rice-Fish Culture in Waterlogged Lands in Canal Commands

Waterlogging of low lands of canal command is a serious problem that turns fertile land unproductive. Rice-fish system was suggested to the farmers as one of the interventions for productive use of such lands. But due to difficulty in rice farming on account of high depth and prolonged water stagnation, farmers were reluctant to adopt the practice. An alternative involving construction of dug out fish refuge and raising the remaining portion of the field using the excavated soil was found appealing to farmers. Design offish refuge for given water depth and field area available, was developed. The intervention was carried out in a participatory mode in the command of a distributary under Sone canal system with active participation and input sharing with a Self Help Group. A fish refuge covering 2I% of629 m2 of a field acquired on lease having 50-60 cm of water stagnation, was dug out and the excavated soil was used to raise rice field by 30 cm. This provided congenial conditions and rice yield of 5.6 t/ha (against the normal yield 00.75 t/ha in nearby fields) and fish yieldof2.5 to 3.2 t/ha was obtained in two years of the study, yielding a net profit of Rs 19,000 and 24,000 in the two years. It created overwhelming response from the farmers\u27 community and about 52% of them, mostly from tail end of the command, were enthusiastic to adopt the intervention

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Not AvailableThis paper describes a study on the variability of rainfall in Patna Canal command using daily rainfall data for 32 years. Two parameter Gamma probability distribution model was observed to fit well in the analyzed data. Results showed that weekly and monthly variation values in rainfall in the head, middle and tail reaches in the Patna Main Canal are significant. The study is useful for better planning about the release of water from the canal for irrigation.Not Availabl

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Powder injection molding and sintering of austenitic stainless steel

306-313This paper describes powder metallurgy (P/M) processing approach to consolidate ferrous alloys for automotive applications. The net shape and corrosion/oxidation requirements in automotive components, such as exhaust flanges, necessitate P/M processing route giving the advantage of alloying flexibility and precision manufacturing. One variant of P/M processing is powder injection molding (PIM) where complex-shaped components on a large scale are fabricated. In this study, experiments were performed on 316L stainless steels using compacts shaped by pressing and powder injection molding (PIM). In the conventional process, the austenitic stainless steel compacts were solid-state sintered at 1250°C and supersolidus liquid phase sintered (SLPS) at 1400°C. The injection molded 316L stainless steel feedstock were Injected, thermally debound and sintered. The rheological behavior of the binder was investigated through in situ imaging. Density of the stainless steel samples sintered by supersolidus liquid phase sintering was higher than the solid-state sintered samples. The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructural evolution was characterized. The PIM stainless steel components attained nearly full density with a uniform shrinkage