Essential Spectrum for Maxwell’s Equations

We study the essential spectrum of operator pencils associated with anisotropic Maxwell equations, with permittivity ε, permeability μ and conductivity σ, on finitely connected unbounded domains. The main result is that the essential spectrum of the Maxwell pencil is the union of two sets: namely, the spectrum of the pencil div((ωε+iσ)∇⋅), and the essential spectrum of the Maxwell pencil with constant coefficients. We expect the analysis to be of more general interest and to open avenues to investigation of other questions concerning Maxwell’s and related systems

Sheerness Naval Dockyard Study; Census Enumerators Books, 1851-1871

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The data from the Census Enumerators' books for the Isle of Sheppey for the censuses of 1851, 1861 and 1871 were collected as part of a study which aimed to investigate the development of the workforce in Sheerness Naval Dockyard as an occupational community between 1820 and 1960. In addition to the census data, the study collected other documentary materials and involved oral history interviews. An associated qualitative dataset, <i>The Creation and Collapse of an Occupational Community, the Case of Sheerness Naval Dockyard</i>, is available via Qualidata at the University of Essex.Main Topics:Variables Census enumerators data was collected for all dockyard workers and included all information about the individuals (i.e. age, sex, marital status, occupation, birthplace) and most information about their household and family situations. The data is on two separate tapes. On the one known as the unlinked file there is a separate case for each dockyard worker at each census. In the linked file each case contains the details relating to an individual dockyard worker at all three censuses. Thus a dockyard worker recorded at each census would have one case associated in the linked file and three cases in the unlinked file. The unlinked file is intended to allow analysis of the dockyard in the separate census years and aggregate changes between censuses, while the linked file is intended to allow analysis of individual changes between the censuses

Coping Responses to Marital Violence : a Longitudinal Study of Women Who Sought Help From a Refuge, 1976-1980

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The aim of this study was to investigate the problems faced by women who have to leave home because of violence; the helpfulness of the individuals and agencies to which they turn for assistance, and, in particular, the usefulness of the refuge as a response to the problems of battered women. The study involved carrying out semi-structured interviews with women at the refuge and then re-interviewing them after they had left. The follow-up interview took place between one and two years after the first interview. Interviews were also carried out with the women who were involved in setting up and running the refuge during the first two years of its existence. In-depth interviews were also carried out with a sub-sample of women. Quantitative material from the first wave of structured questionnaire interviews comprised an early edition of this collection. The National Social Policy and Social Change Archive (NSPSCA) at the University of Essex contains the second wave in-depth interviews in paper format. Digitised copies of this collection, along with the material deposited earlier is now available as a second edition. Main Topics:Variables The study had three main themes: (1) An analysis of each woman's perception of her problems and of her own evaluation of any 'solutions' which she had been offered by her family and friends, by agencies such as the social services, the housing department, the police and the medical profession, and by the refuge and those who lived and worked there. (2) An analysis of the changing institutional structure of the refuge, an evaluation of the extent to which the self-help principle seemed relevant to the needs of the women, and an attempt to assess the value to each woman of her stay at the refuge as a resource to help her cope with her difficulties. (3) An analysis of each woman's situation before, during, and after her stay at the refuge. This analysis involved a consideration of the domestic situation of each woman and of the pattern of structured constraints within which she had to make decisions about the future of herself and her children

Control and Allocation of Money Within the Household, 1983-1984

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The purpose of this study was: to gain a better knowledge of patterns of financial management within households and to investigate the significance of different allocative systems for individual members of households to investigate the relationship between patterns of allocation of money and other dimensions in the lives of husbands and wives to contribute to relevant policy debates.Main Topics:Age, sex, education and employment data for all household members. Amounts and sources of income. Transfers of money within the household. Responsibility for spending. Housekeeping money. Personal spending money. Debts and savings. Ownership of consumer durables. Attitudes to money and control of finances. Marital happiness. Decision making and relative power of husband and wife

Opportunities, Preferences and Constraints on Household Movement in the London Region, 1980

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The survey formed part of a project investigating factors affecting migration within a metropolitan region, particularly flows between the inner city and other areas, the welfare effects of such movement and constraints on potential movers. Extended interviews were conducted with three population groups - recent movers, potential movers and non-movers - in each of 6 areas within the London region. The areas comprised 2 sets of inner London boroughs, outer London boroughs and O.M.A. towns, one along a N.W. radial and one along a S.E. radial from central London. The aims of the survey were to provide specific information on the considerations affecting individual migration decisions; to make comparisions between the situations, attitudes and characteristics of those who had not moved; to investigate the process of decision-making by actual and potential migrants; and to identify any significant changes in welfare resulting from a move.Main Topics:Variables Interview respondents were housewives and in the case of movers were limited to continuing households. The questionnaire covered: an objective profile and a satisfaction profile for the pre-mover household; potential trigger events in the household; the decision and search process; objective and satisfaction profiles for the post-move situation; and background characteristics and attitudes relating to the household

Residential Property Characteristics and Prices in Canterbury, 1980-1989

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The data was collected to facillitate the study of the determinants of residential property prices.Main Topics:House prices and other residential property prices; characteristics of properties; location. The Ordnance Survey references were added by locating the address of the dwelling on large scale (1:1250) OS maps. The references are all in the TR grid. Only the high order three digits are given. Isolated properties that could be identified by means of the data provided have not been included

Social and Political Implications of Household Work Strategies, 1978-1983

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.This is a mixed methods collection. This study is available via the UK Data Service QualiBank, an online tool for browsing, searching and citing the content of selected qualitative data collections held at the UK Data Service. The collection includes original material from three related studies: Isle of Sheppey Survey, 1981 (SS81); The Social and Political Implications of Household Work Strategies, 1982 (HWS) and 1983 (HWS83); as well as the small pilot study of 1978 (HWS PIL). These projects examined the way in which households in a selected local labour market deployed their collective time, energies and resources to get work done. Work may be done in the formal economy as employment, in the house as domestic work, and, more informally, as a favour or for cash. The effect of opportunities for full or part-time work on the relative balance between these different kinds of work was explored. The 1982 and 1983 studies used a sub-sample of the much larger 1981 survey of householders.The collection comprises: 951 questionnaire extracts; 20 other questionnaires; 64 audio-cassette tapes; 34 transcripts; and 29 thematically organised transcripts. At the moment only 7 interviews are available for download. The remainder are available in paper from National Social Policy and Social Change Archive. Albert Sloman Library Special Collections, University of Essex. Users should contact the UK Data Service in the first instance.Main Topics:Household work strategies; household; family life; community life; labour and employment; unemployment; home-based work; casual employment; employment opportunities; subsidiary employment; neighbours; political behaviour; political allegiance; kinship; income

Understanding Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication: a Theory Based Approach, 2002-2005

<p>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</p>The social-psychological mechanisms that underpin adherence to anti-hypertensive medication are poorly understood. It has been estimated that, within the first year of diagnosis, up to 50% of patients prescribed anti-hypertension agents discontinue their medication, or do not fully adhere to the regimen recommended by their general practitioner (GP). The purpose of this research project was to investigate both motivational and volitional influences on medication adherence within one theory-driven framework. <br> <br> The project included two linked studies. The first was an empirical study, in which a conceptual model of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication was developed, using an expanded version of Ajzen's (1991) 'Theory of Planned Behaviour' (TPB). The second was an intervention study, in which motivational, volitional, and combined motivational-volitional interventions designed to increase adherence, were tested. The TPB results informed the motivational conditions, and Gollwitzer's (1993) concept of implementation intentions, which deals with the problems people encounter in translating goals into action, informed the volitional ones.<br> <br> Further information about the project may be found on the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) <a href="http://www.esrcsocietytoday/esrcinfocentre/viewawardpage.aspx?awardnumber=R000239590" title="Understanding Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication: a Theory Based Approach"> Understanding Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication: a Theory Based Approach</a> grant award web page.<br><B>Main Topics</B>:<br>Topics covered in the dataset include risk, attitude and behavioural information, and respondents' demographic characteristics.<br

Squaring the Welfare Circle in Europe, 1995

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The purpose of this survey was to investigate the political debate about the future of welfare in Europe at a time when many commentators believe that governments will be unable to sustain current levels of welfare provision. Pressures on state welfare are increasing for a number of reasons. These include: rising numbers of elderly people who need pensions and health and social care; labour market changes leading to a sharp rise in under-employment and unemployment; changes in family structure, in particular the increasing number of one parent families; the introduction of expensive new medical technologies; the rising expectations of the public. At the same time there are strong pressures for constraint in welfare spending, resulting from widespread reluctance to pay higher taxes and contributions, the fiscal requirements of the Maastricht treaty and concern that high welfare spending makes European economies less competitive in the global market. The researchers of this study termed the problem of balancing these conflicting pressures &lt;i&gt;Squaring the Welfare Circle&lt;/i&gt;. The research project examines the considerations that are likely to influence policy-makers through an interview survey of politicians and other key influentials.Main Topics:Opinions on actual and desirable policy in the following areas: health care; social care for elderly people; pensions; unemployment benefits; sickness benefits; family benefits; education; family policy; employment policy; the finance of social welfare; the role of the EU; challenges facing social welfare in the country over the next five years

Employment Choices for Mothers of Pre-School Children, 1998-2000

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.This project examined the psychological processes and demographic variables which predict the decisions women make about returning to work after they have their first child. A cohort survey of 413 women was carried out - questionnaire surveys were conducted in pregnancy and at six and 12 months post-partum. In addition, a sub-sample of 52 women took part in semi-structured interviews (not included in this dataset), where work plans, attitudes and beliefs were explored. The aims of this research were threefold: to examine the psychological processes and demographi variables behind women's decisions about work and childcare after they have their first child; to explore changes in attitudes, beliefs, norms and identity as a function of becoming a mother and beginning a new pattern of work and/or childcare; and to look at the impact of employment/childcare choices on family relationships and psychological well-being.Main Topics:The dataset contains coded responses to the three questionnnaires. The first questionnaire (Time 1) was conducted in the later stages of the respondent's pregnancy, Time 2 was conducted when the child was six months old, and Time 3 around the time of the child's first birthday. The data cover pregnancy, motherhood, attitudes to childcare and working mothers, health, employment issues and domestic roles. Standard Measures Likert scales were used in the questionnaires