The Galactic Chemical Evolution of phosphorus observed with IGRINS

Phosphorus (P) is considered to be one of the key elements for life, making it an important element to look for in the abundance analysis of spectra of stellar systems. Yet, there exists only a handful of spectroscopic studies to estimate the P abundances and investigate its trend across a range of metallicities. We have observed full HK band spectra at a spectral resolving power of R=45,000 with IGRINS instrument. Abundances are determined using SME in combination with 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The investigated sample of stars have reliable stellar parameters estimated using optical FIES spectra (GILD; J\"onsson et al. in prep.). In order to determine the P abundances from the 16482.92 Angstrom P line, we take special care of the CO($\nu=7-4$) blend. We determine the C, N, O abundances from atomic carbon and a range of non-blended molecular lines (CO, CN, OH) which are aplenty in the H band region of K giant stars, assuring an appropriate modelling of the blending CO($\nu=7-4$) line. We present [P/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend for 38 K giant stars in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex $<$ [Fe/H] $<$ 0.4 dex. We find that our trend matches well with the compiled literature sample of prominently dwarf stars and limited number of giant stars. Our trend is found to be higher by $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend in Cescutti et al. 2012 resulting from core collapse supernova (type II) of massive stars with the P yields from Kobayashi et al. (2006) arbitrarily increased by a factor of 2.75. Thus the enhancement factor might need to be $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex higher to match our trend. We also find an empirically determined primary behaviour for phosphorus. Furthermore, the phosphorus abundance is found to be elevated by $\sim$ 0.6 - 0.9 dex in two metal poor s-enriched stars compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Fostering new urban agencies with Research through Design

Through an analysis of the work of the Brussels Studies Institute-Brussels Centre Observatory (BSI-BCO), a multi-disciplinary and multi-university research platform working in close collaboration with public and associative stakeholders towards a sustainable transformation of the Brussels downtown area, this presentation highlights the potentialities of Research Through Design not as problem-solving methodology, but primarly as a method to foster new multistakeholder agencies. Indeed, almost none of the urban design solutions developed through the research process have been implemented. Neither were most of the proposals for new policies. But when using RtD as a basis for open discussions with various urban stakeholders, the BSI-BCO managed to have a significant impact on Brussels' Mobility and Structure Plans, and to sparkle new collaborative green and slow networks initiatives. We learned from this experience that the main outcomes of design researches may not be the designs themselves, but rather their impact on the development of new experimental partnerships and governance frameworks. We learned to look at urban transition not as a series of problem to be solved, but as an ecosystem of agencies to be enhanced. In conclusion, glimpses of other recent researches by Jean-Philippe De Visscher in Brussels, its surroundings and Cameroon will illustrates the impact of similar methodologies on different types of urban issues and contexts

Elite Athletes’ Attitudes Towards Drop Out

Hallmann K, Breuer C, Herold E. Elite Athletes’ Attitudes Towards Drop Out. In: Carlsson B, Breitbarth T, Bjärsholm D, Malmö University, eds. The 26th European Sport Management Conference, September 5-8, 2018, Malmö, Sweden, Managing Sport in a Changing Europe, Book of Abstracts. 2018: 47-48

Excellence seekers, pragmatists, or sceptics : Ways of applying performance‐based research funding systems at new universities and university colleges in Sweden

The Swedish system of research funding has undergone major changes, while competitive funding schemes gradually have gained popularity, at the expense of institutional block grants. In recent years, there has been a strong drive to improve research performance in universities as a result of governmental desires, resulting in performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) being introduced to distribute block grants. The study on which this article reports sought to understand the development of increased government intent to steer resources for research, by investigating the behaviour of universities and university colleges in Sweden in terms of internal organisation and distribution of funding. The article investigates the structure of and motives for applying PRFS at seven new universities and university colleges through a document and interview study. We identified three categories of higher education institutions: the excellence seekers, the pragmatists and the sceptics. Universities rhetorically ignal compliance with governmental propositions to distribute funding according to performance measures, but their actions are limited. Thus, national incentives, models and measures influence decisions at lower institutional levels in a rather modest way.Special Issue: Expansion and retrenchment of internationalisation in higher education: Theories, methods and data</p

Second premolar agenesis is associated with mandibular form: a geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular cross-sections

he aim of this study was to compare mandibular form (i.e., size and shape) between patients with agenesis of the lower second premolar (P2) and a control group with no agenesis. Three hypotheses were tested: (H1) agenesis causes a change in mandibular morphology because of inadequate alveolar ridge development in the area of the missing tooth (mandibular plasticity); (H2) agenesis is caused by spatial limitations within the mandible (dental plasticity); and (H3) common genetic/epigenetic factors cause agenesis and affect mandibular form (pleiotropy). A geometric morphometric analysis was applied to cross-sectional images of computed tomography (CT) scans of three matched groups (n=50 each): (1) regularly erupted P2; (2) agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar in situ; and (3) agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar missing for >3 months. Cross-sections of the three areas of interest (first premolar, P2, first molar) were digitized with 23 landmarks and superimposed by a generalized Procrustes analysis. On average, the mandibular cross-sections were narrower and shorter in patients with P2 agenesis compared with that in the control group. Both agenesis groups featured a pronounced submandibular fossa. These differences extended at least one tooth beyond the agenesis-affected region. Taken together with the large interindividual variation that resulted in massively overlapping group distributions, these findings support genetic and/or epigenetic pleiotropy (H3) as the most likely origin of the observed covariation between mandibular form and odontogenesis. Clinically, reduced dimensions and greater variability of mandibular form, as well as a pronounced submandibular fossa, should be expected during the treatment planning of patients with P2 agenesis