Optical and magnetic signatures of localized excitations in polyaniline

Using a tight-binding Hamiltonian we study the lattice configurations and electronic structures of three forms of polyaniline: leucoemeraldine base (LEB), emeraldine base (EB) and pernigraniline base (PNB). Both bond length and ring rotation angle are considered in the structure relaxation. The dominant elementary excitations of isolated chains are found to be solitons is PNB and bipolarons in EB and in LEB. Optical absorptions of the ground states and of the solitonic and polaronic excitations are calculated and compared with experiments. The spin density profile of a single neutral soliton in PNB is discussed in connection with magnetic measurements

Baryon number dissipation at finite temperature in the standard model

We analyze the phenomenon of baryon number violation at finite temperature in the standard model, and derive the relaxation rate for the baryon density in the high temperature electroweak plasma. The relaxation rate, {gamma} is given in terms of real time correlation functions of the operator E{center dot}B, and is directly proportional to the sphaleron transition rate, {Gamma}: {gamma} {preceq} n{sub f}{Gamma}/T{sup 3}. Hence it is not instanton suppressed, as claimed by Cohen, Dugan and Manohar (CDM). We show explicitly how this result is consistent with the methods of CDM, once it is recognized that a new anomalous commutator is required in their approach. 19 refs., 2 figs

Kinetics of coal pyrolysis

This report contains results of a coordinated, multi-laboratory investigation of coal devolatilization. Data is reported pertaining to the devolatilization for bituminous coals over three orders of magnitude in apparent heating rate (100 to 100,000 + {degree}C/sec), over two orders of magnitude in particle size (20 to 700 microns), final particle temperatures from 400 to 1600{degree}C, heat transfer modes ranging from convection to radiative, ambient pressure ranging from near vacuum to one atmosphere pressure. The heat transfer characteristics of the reactors are reported in detail. It is assumed the experimental results are to form the basis of a devolatilization data base. Empirical rate expressions are developed for each phase of devolatilization which, when coupled to an awareness of the heat transfer rate potential of a particular devolatilization reactor, indicate the kinetics emphasized by a particular system reactor plus coal sample. The analysis indicates the particular phase of devolatilization that will be emphasized by a particular reactor type and, thereby, the kinetic expressions appropriate to that devolatilization system. Engineering rate expressions are developed from the empirical rate expressions in the context of a fundamental understanding of coal devolatilization developed in the course of the investigation. 164 refs., 223 figs., 44 tabs

An Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Hole Detected Through Astrometric Microlensing

We report the first unambiguous detection and mass measurement of an isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH). We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out precise astrometry of the source star of the long-duration (t_E ~ 270 days), high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462, in the direction of the Galactic bulge. HST imaging, conducted at eight epochs over an interval of six years, reveals a clear relativistic astrometric deflection of the background star's apparent position. Ground-based photometry shows a parallactic signature of the effect of the Earth's motion on the microlensing light curve. Combining the HST astrometry with the ground-based light curve and the derived parallax, we obtain a lens mass of 7.1 +/- 1.3 M_Sun and a distance of 1.58 +/- 0.18 kpc. We show that the lens emits no detectable light, which, along with having a mass higher than is possible for a white dwarf or neutron star, confirms its BH nature. Our analysis also provides an absolute proper motion for the BH. The proper motion is offset from the mean motion of Galactic-disk stars at similar distances by an amount corresponding to a transverse space velocity of ~45 km/s, suggesting that the BH received a modest natal 'kick' from its supernova explosion. Previous mass determinations for stellar-mass BHs have come from radial-velocity measurements of Galactic X-ray binaries, and from gravitational radiation emitted by merging BHs in binary systems in external galaxies. Our mass measurement is the first ever for an isolated stellar-mass BH using any technique

Quadratic pencils and least-squares piecewise-polynomial approximation

SIGLEDEGerman

Jets in deep inelastic scattering

The recent results of jet production in Deep Inelastic Scattering experiments are briefly reviewed. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RA 2999(93-186) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

The DLCQ spectrum of N = (8,8) super Yang-Mills

We consider the 1+1 dimensional N=(8,8) supersymmetric matrix field theory obtained from a dimensional reduction of ten dimensional N=1 super Yang-Mills. The gauge groups we consider are U(N) and SU(N), where N is finite but arbitrary. We adopt light-cone coordinates, and choose to work in the light-cone gauge. Quantizing this theory via discretized light-cone quantization (DLCQ) introduces an integer, K, which restricts the light-cone momentum-fraction of constituent quanta to be integer multiples of 1/K. Solutions to the DLCQ bound state equations are obtained for K=2, 3 and 4 by discretizing the light-cone super charges, which preserves supersymmetry manifestly. We discuss degeneracies in the massive spectrum that appear to be independent of the light-cone compactification, and are therefore expected to be present in the decompactified limit K#-># #infinity#. Our numerical results also support the claim that the SU(N) theory has a mass gap. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

A note on teaching binomial confidence intervals

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 6137(87) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

PW Vul: A classical nova with nearly solar abundances

Ultraviolet and optical spectrophotometric data were combined in order to determine the physical parameters in the expanding shell of Nova PW Vul 1984 No. 1. Ultraviolet data were obtained with the IUE satellite from August 2, 1984 (a few days after discovery) until it became too faint to study with the satellite. The last IUE exposure was obtained in June 1988 but we have continued to follow it with ground-based optical telescopes. We will present a plot that shows the variation of electron density and temperature as a function of time. Analysis of the emission line intensities show that the abundances of this very slow nova are solar for helium, carbon, and oxygen while nitrogen is 50 times solar. We have also used the CLOUDY code of Ferland to model the emission line intensities and find very good agreement with the observations. We shall display plots of representative IUE and optical spectra. 10 refs., 5 figs