Aquatic agricultural systems in Cambodia: national situation analysis

The objective of the current report produced for the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) is to provide basic information on key constraints driving poverty and vulnerability in aquatic agricultural systems in the Tonle Sap region in Cambodia. Six objectives and corresponding research themes are included in the program: sustainable increases in productivity; equitable access to markets; resilience and adaptive capacity; empowering policies and institutions; reduced gender disparity; and expanded benefits for the resource-poor. In this report, the authors review the main aquatic agricultural systems (status, specific policies and strategies, interventions, challenges, and options), then review the main drivers of change. This leads to an identification of plans and strategies important to AAS, with a particular focus on perspectives, gaps and opportunities in national policies, community engagement, increased benefits, adaptive capacity, and gender. This review, of potential interest to decision makers and all development partners, leads to conclusions and recommendations aimed at policymakers and institutional as well as private investors in development

Characterization of unitary processes with independent increments

In this paper, we study unitary Gaussian processes with independent increments with which the unitary equivalence to a Hudson-Parthasarathy evolution system is proved. This gives a generalization of results in [11] and [12] in the absence of the stationarity condition

Characterization of unitary processes with independent increments

In this paper, we study unitary Gaussian processes with independent increments with which the unitary equivalence to a Hudson-Parthasarathy evolution system is proved. This gives a generalization of results in [11] and [12] in the absence of the stationarity condition

Introducing a gender-sensitive approach to pre-trial assessment and probation: Evaluation of an innovation in Kenya

This paper evaluates a pioneering project to introduce a gender-sensitive approach to working with women completing probation and community service orders in Kenya. The intervention consisted of context-specific research with women throughout Kenya, leading to adaptations to existing probation tools, followed by pilot implementation of a gender-sensitive approach. The evaluation explores the relevance, effectiveness and sustainability of the intervention and presents opinions of implementing probation officers and sector experts. Findings suggest that the project genuinely broke new ground in terms of research on gender-sensitivity and quality of pre-trial reporting for women. Close adherence to the UN Bangkok Rules means the model and lessons are applicable both domestically and globally

Gamow-Teller transitions from 24Mg and its impact on the electron capture rates in the O + Ne + Mg cores of stars

Electron captures on nuclei play an important role in the collapse of stellar core in the stages leading to a type-II supernova. Recent observations of subluminous Type II-P supernovae (e.g. 2005cs, 2003gd, 1999br) were able to rekindle the interest in 8 - 10 which develop O+Ne+Mg cores. We used the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) theory to calculate the B(GT) strength for 24Mg \rightarrow 24Na and its associated electron capture rates for incorporation in simulation calculations. The calculated rates, in this letter, have differences with the earlier reported shell model and Fuller, Fowler, Newman (hereafter F2N) rates. We compared Gamow-Teller strength distribution functions and found fairly good agreement with experiment and shell model. However, the GT centroid and the total GT strength, which are useful in the calculation of electron capture rates in the core of massive pre-supernova stars, lead to the enhancement of our rate up to a factor of four compared to the shell model rates at high temperatures and densities.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Dry matter yield and quality of forages derived from three grass species with and without legumes using organic production methods

This study was the second year of an experiment which was carried out to investigate the use of forage grass species with and without legumes using organic production methods to produce forages for optimal dry matter yield and quality in Korat soil series (Oxic Paleustults). A field investigation was conducted from April 2007 to April 2008 at Khon Kaen University Experimental Farm, Northeastern Thailand. The experiment was a 3 x 4 factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The 12 treatment combinations consisted of 3 species of grass (G), viz., (1) Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), (2) purple Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. TD 58), and (3) Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan); and 4 organic production methods (PMs), viz., (1) control (no fertilizer application, no legume mixture), (2) cattle manure (CM) at the rate of 25 tons/ ha, and broadcast seeds of (3) Verano stylo (Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano) and (4) Wynn cassia (Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv. Wynn) for grass-legume mixtures. The results showed that G and PMs produced significantly different (p0.05), but both produced significantly higher g+l than Napier+l. G-Verano stylo and G-Wynn cassia mixtures produced no significant difference in g+l. Interactions (p<0.01) between G and PM were found in g, g+l and dry matter yield of weed. Purple Guinea with CM produced the highest g (15,591 kg/ha) of purple Guinea alone. Napier with Verano stylo mixture tended to produce higher g+l than Ruzi and purple Guinea with Verano stylo or with Wynn cassia mixture. Napier with CM produced the highest dry matter yield of weed while the lowest was with Ruzi-Wynn cassia mixture. There were significant effects (P<0.01) of G on CP, NDF, ADF, ash and DMD; and on ADL (P<0.05) of grass plus legumes where Napier gave the highest CP, ADL and ash contents. On the other hand, Napier plus legumes gave the lowest NDF and ADF contents. Ruzi plus legumes gave the highest DMD. There were significant effects (P<0.01) of PMs on CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, ash and DMD of grass plus legumes. G-Verano stylo mixture gave the highest value of CP (12.09%), the lowest NDF and ADF contents, and the highest DMD value (78.75%) of grass plus VeranoPeer reviewedFinal Published versio