The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) by measuring the levels of alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the periodontal tissues and serum on the periodontal repair process related to experimental periodontitis in rats. Methodology: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Group 1=healthy control (n=10); Group 2=EA control (15 mg/kg)(n=10); Group 3=periodontitis (n=10); Group 4=periodontitis+EA (15 mg/kg) (n=10). The periodontitis model was established by ligating bilateral mandibular first molars for 14 days. Then, rats were given normal saline or EA for another 14 days by gavage administration. Serum and gingiva myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. İmmunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivities in the periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and attachment loss (AL) was evaluated by histomorphometry analysis. Results: ABL and AL were statistically higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). MPO activities in gingival tissue and serum were significantly increased in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Significantly higher serum GSH levels, lower gingiva, and serum 8-OHdG levels, and MPO activity were observed in group 4 compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Rats with periodontitis (group 3) expressed significantly higher immunoreactivities of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower IL-10 immunoreactivity compared to those other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α immunoreactivities significantly decreased and IL-10 immunoreactivity increased in group 4 after the use of EA compared to group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that EA provides significant improvements on gingival oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and alveolar bone resorption in the repair process associated with experimental periodontitis. Therefore, EA may have a therapeutic potential on periodontitis

Relationship between gingival inflammation and total glutathione

Aim: Glutathione, which is known to be the main antioxidant, is the foremost redox regulator in the control of inflammatory processes. The goal of this study was to investigate the levels of total glutathione, which plays a central role in cellular antioxidant defense, in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma of individuals with gingivitis and periodontally healthy. Materials and Methods: Fifteen periodontally healthy subjects and 15 individuals with gingivitis were enrolled in the study. Samples of GCF, plasma, and clinical measurements were attained before and one month after non-surgical periodontal therapy. GCF and plasma levels of total glutathione were analyzed using spectrophotometric assay. Results: It was found that the levels of total glutathione in GCF were lower in gingivitis group than those in the periodontally healthy group (P0.05). Also, a statistically significant rise in GCF and plasma total glutathione levels in gingivitis group was found after periodontal therapy compared to baseline (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between total glutathione and gingival index (P<0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that GCF and plasma levels of total glutathione could be influenced by gingival inflammation. In addition, it was revealed that the importance of periodontal therapy in the patients with gingivitis

Energy-Efficient, Utility Accrual Real-Time Scheduling Under the Unimodal Arbitrary Arrival Model

We present a utility accrual real-time scheduling algorithm called VCUA, for tasks whose execution times are functions of their starting times. We model such variable execution times with variable cost functions (or VCF). The algorithm considers application activities that are subject to time/utility function time constraints, VCFs, and the multi-criteria scheduling objective of assuring that the maximum interval between any two consecutive, successful completion of jobs of a task must not exceed a specified bound, and maximizing the system’s total utility. Since the scheduling problem is intractable, VCUA off-line selects tasks based on their potential utility density, and dynamically promotes jobs to accrue more utility, in polynomial-time. We establish that VCUA achieves optimal timeliness during under-loads, and identify the conditions under which timeliness assurances hold. Our simulation experiments illustrate VCUA’s superiority.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Sclerostin, Osteoprotegerin, and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Ligand in Periodontitis

WOS: 000366044100011PubMed: 26367496Background: To investigate changes in the levels and relative ratios of sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Methods: Fifty-four individuals (27 healthy controls and 27 patients with chronic periodontitis [CP]) were enrolled in the study. Periodontitis patients received non-surgical periodontal therapy. GCF sampling and clinical periodontal parameters were assessed before and 6 weeks after therapy. Sclerostin, OPG, and RANKL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their relative ratios were calculated. Results: Total amounts and concentrations of sclerostin were significantly higher in patients with CP than in healthy individuals (P 0.05). The sclerostin/OPG and sclerostin/RANKL ratios were significantly lower in healthy individuals than in patients with periodontitis before and after treatment (P < 0.025) and decreased in patients with periodontitis after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The GCF sclerostin level may be more reliable than the RANKL/OPG ratio as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of periodontal disease and treatment outcome. Regulation of sclerostin levels may aid the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of periodontal disease

The levels of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin, omentin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the gingival crevicular fluid of obese patients following periodontal therapy

WOS: 000390087600003PubMed: 28025429The aim of this clinical study was to determine levels of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin), omentin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of obese and non-obese periodontitis patients following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Seventy-six subjects were separated into four groups according to periodontal and anthropometric measurements: a periodontal-healthy group, a chronic periodontitis (CP) group, a periodontal-healthy with obesity group, and a CP with obesity group. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was administered to periodontitis patients. Before treatment and at 6 weeks after treatment, GCF samples were analyzed and clinical periodontal parameters were examined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of vaspin, omentin-1, and TNF-a. Obese and non-obese CP patients displayed higher levels of vaspin and TNF-alpha (P < 0.008), which declined following treatment (P< 0.025), and lower omentin levels (P <0.008), which increased after treatment (P < 0.025). There was a negative correlation between the total amount of vaspin and omentin-1 in all groups. Obese and non-obese patients had opposing levels of vaspin and omentin-1 in the GCF; therefore, these may represent diagnostic and prognostic indicators of periodontal disease and therapeutic outcome

Biochemical Analysis of Pentraxin 3 and Fibrinogen Levels in Experimental Periodontitis Model

Objective. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), newly discovered inflammation marker, is a member of acute-phase proteins. The hypothesis, synthesis of gingival tissue and serum PTX-3 increases in the experimental periodontitis model (with 10-day and 40-day periods), was tested by detecting gingival tissue and serum PTX-3 levels in rats with experimental periodontitis. Methods. Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups of ten animals each: ligature-induced experimental periodontitis groups (with 10-day (Group1) and 40-day periods (Group2)) and healthy group (Group3). At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed, and radiological and histomorphometric analyses were performed on the mandibles. PTX3 levels were measured in gingival tissue and serum samples using ELISA. Plasma fibrinogen levels were measured according to the nephelometric method. Results. Significant alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation were evident in periodontitis groups. Levels of PTX3 in gingival tissue were statistically higher in Group 1 than those in groups 2 and 3 (P0.05). Plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly increased in the experimental periodontitis groups (P<0.001). Conclusion. PTX3 seems to be associated with tissue destruction in earlier periods of inflammatory periodontal disease, contrary to the fibrinogen findings

Evaluation of IL-32 levels in gingival tissue and serum of experimental periodontitis model

Aim: Interleukin (IL)-32, a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine, is demonstrated in several infectious diseases. The goal of this study is to investigate the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-32 in gingival tissue and serum of rats with experimental periodontitis. Material and Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing a silk ligature around the cervix of both sides of mandibular first molars in each male rat except for control group (Group 1). Thirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups of ten animals each as experimental periodontitis groups (Group 2, ligated for seven days; Group 3, ligated for fourteen days) and periodontally healthy control group (Group 1). At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed, and histomorphometric analyses were performed on the mandibles. IL-32, IL-10 and IL-6 levels were measured in gingival tissue and serum samples by ELISA. Results: Alveolar bone and attachment loss were statistically higher in all experimental groups than those in control group (P<0.001). It was found that the levels of IL-32 and IL-6 (P<0.01) and IL-10 (P<0.05) in gingival tissues were higher in Groups 2 and 3 than those in Group 1 except for IL-32 and IL-10 levels in Group 3. There was a positive correlation between levels of IL-32 and IL-6 in the serum and gingival tissues in all groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present results reveal that IL-32 values are locally increased in periodontitis. Proinflammatory cytokines properties, which are linked to periodontal tissue destruction, are also associated with IL-32