Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Microbial Presence in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Patients in Intensive Care Unit and Safety Protocols Under Surveillance of Healthcare Provider: A Research Study

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital-acquired infection that is associated with longer stays in intensive care units (ICUs) and under mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. This article explores the prevalence and impact of VAP on mortality and morbidity, emphasizing the microbial associations involved in hospital-acquired infections. Various infections, including Lung infections, surgical site infections, sepsis, and urinary tract infections, are discussed, along with their associated microorganisms. Diagnostic criteria for VAP and related infections are outlined, highlighting the importance of microbiological testing for accurate diagnosis. The underlying factors for VAP acquisition in ICU patients are identified, and prompt antibiotic initiation is emphasized as a critical first-line defense against VAP. In this study, we have populated data from 100 ICU patients, among which 45 were suffering from VAP. It was found that female patients (57.40%) were more affected than male patients (30.43%). The decreasing PaO2 level was seen to be the early sign of infection. It was found that the time of ventilation was the major factor influencing the VAP. The most common organism causing infection in our study was found to be Staphylococcus Aureus (45.1%). The prognosis of early-onset VAP was 35.55% while compared to Late-onset VAP 64.44%. When compared to VAP and Non-VAP patients there was not very huge difference with 55% and 45% respectively. The other factor was age and position. Implementation of Prevention strategies, such as protective environments and HEPA filtration systems, is proposed to reduce VAP incidence. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are crucial to combatting VAP and enhancing patient outcomes in hospital settings

Acute Kidney Injury Caused Due to Colistin Therapy: A Case Report Study Analysis

An abrupt bout of kidney damage or failure that lasts a few hours to a few days is referred to as acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI). Nephrotoxicity is classified into the following categories: R-risk, I-injury, F-failure, L-loss of function, and E-end stage renal failure. It is inherited, brought on by medications, and associated with diabetes, liver diseases, and heart issues. Typically, a drug's dose-dependent nephrotoxicity affects its severity. Multi-medication resistant (MDR) infections have led to an unprecedented increase in the use of Colistin medicine. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other gram-negative bacteria are to blame. One type of bacteria is Acinetobacter baumannii. This paper will provide the case of a 62-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital after receiving a diagnosis of venous thromboembolism and anemia. Human-acquired pneumonia results from Acinetobacter baumannii's multidrug resistance, which makes the bacteria only responsive to the antibiotics colistin and azithromycin meropenem. Two days after commencing the (Oliguria-500) medicine, there was a decrease in urine production. The renal parenchyma showed changes, and the levels of creatinine were elevated to 3.18 mg/dL. USG has been seen. Laboratory results indicate that he suffered from AKI Colistin and demonstrates strong (Naranjo score: 8) usually connected to AKI. Drug dosages were not changed. It was routine practice to monitor BUN and creatinine levels. The amount of urine produced increased to 2450 mL 15 days following treatment. Respiratory failure is one of the neurological side effects of collistin was ignored. On discharge day, the patient was stable and doing well. It seems from this that if the medication is beneficial and the risk is manageable, there is no reason to stop taking it; however, careful observation is needed. Diminish the quantity of adverse reactions