Advancing Healthcare Service Efficacy by Optimizing Pharmaceutical Inventory Management: Leveraging ABC, VED Analysis for Trend Demand

Background: The modern world has witnessed significant advancements across various industries such as food, healthcare, fashion, economics, and education. Among these sectors, healthcare is essential, given its critical role in promoting the well-being of individuals and communities. Purpose: Pharmaceuticals are a significant part of the healthcare system, as they are a crucial factor in increasing life expectancy and are often considered the heart of the health industry. Maintaining effective inventory management for drugs is essential for pharmacists to provide efficient and reliable services to their patients. Methodology: The study thoroughly analyzes the cost and consumption data for each type of demand, to develop a well-suited review and issuance policy for the apothecary. Research Limitations/Implications: The paper delves into the ABC analysis, VED analysis, and trend demand for medical stores, making it a valuable resource for pharmacy stores seeking to optimize their operations and inventory management. Originality/Value: A total of 564 drugs were included in this study, and data were collected from random strip sales between October 2022 and Mar 2023. The study's findings can be used to make informed decisions about inventory planning and classification strategies. The model utilized in this study is based on three categories of medicines: high priority, medium priority, and low priority. By analyzing the demand for these medicines, they can be categorized based on their priority within the three core groups. Pharmacists can use the model to detect shortages and take proactive measures to avoid them by analyzing demand patterns and inventory levels

Detection of virulence determinants and its association with drug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most commonly noted significant nosocomial pathogen, because of its distribution, of multi drug resistance and expression of various virulence factors. This study was aimed to detect various resistance mechanism and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to determine the significant association between them.Methods: A total of 203 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included in this study. All isolates were detected for various virulence factors like Phospholipase, Hemolysin, Gelatinase and DNAse. Screening of β-lactamase like extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase and Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also done.Results: Of total 203 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa studied, 103 were from pus, 50 each from urine and respiratory samples. Virulence factors distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 80.3% ,70% , 71.4% , 44.8% and 34% were positive for hemolysin, phospholipase, gelatinase, DNAse and biofilm production respectively. Study on prevalence of various β-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated showed 25.6%, 24.1% and 10.3% were ESBL, MBL and AmpC producers respectively.Conclusions: This study suggests that production of virulence factors may not be significantly associated with antibiotic resistance. However, expression of certain virulence factors, most notably hemolysin and DNAse activity were significantly associated with β-lactamase production. Hence forth, future trends in clinical microbiology laboratories should focus on development of tests for the rapid detection of the most important virulence markers in addition to identification of pathogens and susceptibility pattern

Ferroelectric Domains,Tensor Pairs and Magnetoelectric Polarisability Properties of Single Ferrotroiodic Crystal

In this paper the Tensor components of the ferroelectric and Magneto electric  polarisability for the ferrotroidic crystal Pb(Mg1/3Nb1/3)O3-xPbTiO3 are calculated theoretically using group theoretical methods  at the transition temperature 5ok, where magnetite undergoes a first order metal _insulator  transition, which lowers the crystallographic symmetry from cubic (m3m/Oh) to Rhombohedra(3m/C3v), again this crystal changed its structure into orthorhombic(mm2/C2v) or tetragonal structure(4mm/C4v) at certain temps

Floating Matrix Dosage Form for Propranolol Hydrochloride Based on Gas Formation Technique: Development and In Vitro Evaluation

Gastroretentive tablets of propranolol hydrochloride were developed by direct compression method using citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as the effervescent base. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; HPMC K15M was used to prepare the floating tablets to retard the drug release for 12h in stomach. Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) or carbopol 934P was added to alter the drug release profile or the dimensional stability of the formulation. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was used as filler. Formulations were evaluated for floating lag time, duration of floating, dimensional stability, drug content and in vitro drug release profile. The formulations were found to have floating lag time less than 1min. It was found that the dimensional stability of the formulations increase with increasing concentration of the swelling agent. The release mechanism of propranolol hydrochloride from floating tablets was evaluated on the basis of Peppas and Higuchi model. The ‘n’ value of the formulations ranged from 0.5201 to 0.7367 (0.5<n<1.0) which indicated anomalous (non-Fickian) transport mechanism. Formulation containing 27.5% HPMC K15M, 29% DCP, 3.75% citric acid and 18.75% sodium bicarbonate seemed most desirable. FTIR, DSC and XRPD studies indicated the absence of any significant chemical interaction within dug and excipients. Stability study of optimized formulation revealed no significant change and found to be stable

Colposcopic evaluation and papanicolaou smear in high risk groups and its correlation with histology

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecologic neoplasms. PAP smear and colposcopy are used for its early detection. This study aims to find the correlation of colposcopic evaluation with Pap smear in cervical cancer screening and with histology. Methods: All women attending the OPD with unhealthy cervix and abnormal symptoms, who gave written informed consent were included in the study. Pap smear cytological grading, colposcopic findings were recorded. Pap smear and colposcopy findings was compared with histopathology. Results: The study included 73 patients. Pap smear was negative in more than half of the patients (56.2%), followed by atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 12 (16.4%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 17 (23.3%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 2 (2.7%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 1 patient (1.4%).  The histopathology showed normal findings in 46 patients (63%), followed by CIN 1 in 11 (15.1%), CIN 2 in 6 patients (8.2%), CIN 3 and squamous cell carcinoma in 5 patients each (6.8%). Pap smear’s predictability of cervical malignancy showed that it had a sensitivity of 48.15, it’s specificity for identifying patients without cervical malignancy was 84.78%. Colposcopy’s predictability of cervical malignancy showed that it had a sensitivity of 88.89%, it’s specificity for identifying patients without cervical malignancy was 95.65%. Conclusions: Colposcopy does seem to be better than Pap smear in diagnosing cervical carcinoma and also identifying patients without it

Anticancer potential evoked by Pleurotus florida and Calocybe indica using T24 urinary bladder cancer cell line

Cancer is the second largest non-communicable disease and it has a sizable contribution in the total number of deaths. Cancer of the urinary bladder ranks fourth in men and eighth in women with an alarming increase in cancer patients of this type every year. Tobacco smoking is considered to be one of the causes of bladder cancer and a number of organic chemicals used in the industry are known to be carcinogenic to the bladder. Chemical and dyestuff manufacturers are at particularly high risk of bladder cancer. Edible fungi are used as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancers. This study was employed to find out the therapeutic potential of two medicinal mushroom varieties namely Pleurotus florida and Calocybe indica against T24 urinary bladder cancer cell lines. The therapeutic potential of the two medicinal mushroom varieties, P. florida and C. indica against T24 urinary bladder cancer cell lines were determined by the MTT assay and DNA fragmentation assay. The results obtained from the MTT assay and DNA fragmentation assay in this study showed the anti-tumour potential of these two mushroom varieties against T24 bladder cancer cell lines. Thus, the mushroom varieties P. florida and C. indica can be employed as potential anticancer drugs against bladder carcinoma.Key words: Bladder cancer, MTT, DNA fragmentation, mushroom, antitumour

A study on medication adherence, medication related challenges faced and coping strategies adopted by visually impaired subjects in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Visual impairment poses a significant threat to proper medication practice leading to medication related challenges and some adopted self coping strategies with substantial impact on medication adherence. Visually impaired are potentially more likely to have unsafe medicine related practice which by itself is more rampant in general population. Studies related to them are largely unexplored and can provide data to improve disease management and health related quality of life. Objectives was to study the level of medication adherence, medication related challenges and self adopted coping strategies in visually impaired people.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study enrolling 204 subjects with VI was done. Medication adherence was assessed using MMAS. Medication related challenges and self-adopted coping strategies was assessed by using pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Majority of the subjects showed medium medication adherence with forgetfulness to take medicine as the main reason for non adherence. Difficulty in remembering the instructions, spilling of liquid medicine, taking wrong dose, difficulty in using topical medications were the most common challenges faced by them in daily drug administration. To overcome challenges locating the drugs at different places, finger felt volume for liquid medication, textural feeling of the drug or container, time tracking were the major self adopted coping strategies by the visually impaired subjects.Conclusions: Creating awareness of the medication related problem faced by visually impaired helps to provide adequate assistance to medication use and improve proper health care services in them

A study to assess the effectiveness of guava leaf tea in reducing blood glucose level among Type II Diabetic Adults residing at selected urban area Choolai, Chennai

India leads the world with the largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being termed the "diabetes capital of the world". According to the Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes in India currently around 40.9 million is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive steps are taken. The main objective of the study was to compare the pre and post blood glucose level in relation to intake of guava leaf tea among clients in both experimental and control group. An experimental study with pre test post test research design was used and a sample of 60 Type II Diabetic Adults (30 in experimental and 30 in the control group) is selected by using simple random sampling technique. 50 ml of guava leaf tea was given to the clients in experimental group half hour after breakfast daily for 14 days. The conceptual framework was based on a modified model of wiedenbach’s helping Art of clinical nursing theory. The tool used for the study includes structured interview schedule and observation method using a glucometer. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULT: The findings of the study showed that there was a significant (p≤, 0.05) level with a confidence interval of 95% reduction in blood glucose level after administering guava leaf tea in the experimental group. The study reveals that greater significance of guava leaf tea was observed in the age group of 30-40 yrs, less duration of illness 0-1yr, and habit of doing exercise when compared to others. Guava leaf is cost effective, easily available, known by all people and improves the general well being of the clients, prevents them from developing complications and reduces the dosage of the drug