Understanding the degeneracies in NOν\nuA data

The combined analysis of $\nu_\mu$ disappearance and $\nu_e$ appearance data of NO$\nu$A experiment leads to three nearly degenerate solutions. This degeneracy can be understood in terms of deviations in $\nu_e$ appearance signal, caused by unknown effects, with respect to the signal expected for a reference set of oscillations parameters. We define the reference set to be vacuum oscillations in the limit of maximal $\theta_{23}$ and no CP-violation. We then calculate the deviations induced in the $\nu_e$ appearance signal event rate by three unknown effects: (a) matter effects, due to normal or inverted hierarchy (b) octant effects, due to $\theta_{23}$ being in higher or lower octant and (c) CP-violation, whether $\delta_{CP} \sim - \pi/2$ or $\delta_{CP} \sim \pi/2$. We find that the deviation caused by each of these effects is the same for NO$\nu$A. The observed number of $\nu_e$ events in NO$\nu$A is equivalent to the increase caused by one of the effects. Therefore, the observed number of $\nu_e$ appearance events of NO$\nu$A is the net result of the increase caused by two of the unknown effects and the decrease caused by the third. Thus we get the three degenerate solutions. We also find that further data by NO$\nu$A can not distinguish between these degenerate solutions but addition of one year of neutrino run of DUNE can make a distinction between all three solutions. The distinction between the two NH solutions and the IH solution becomes possible because of the larger matter effect in DUNE. The distinction between the two NH solutions with different octants is a result of the synergy between the anti-neutrino data of NO$\nu$A and the neutrino data of DUNE.Comment: Published version v2; with minor changes to v

Tensions between the appearance data of T2K and NOvA

The long baseline neutrino experiments, T2K and NOvA, have taken significant amount of data in each of the four channels: (a) $\nu_\mu$ disappearance, (b) $\bar\nu_\mu$ disappearance (c) $\nu_e$ appearance and (d) $\bar\nu_e$ appearance. There is a mild tension between the disappearance and the appearance data sets of T2K. A more serious tension exists between the $\nu_e$ appearance data of T2K and the $\nu_e / \bar\nu_e$ appearance data of NOvA. This tension is significant enough that T2K rules out the best-fit point of NOvA at $95\%$ confidence level whereas NOvA rules out T2K best-fit point at $90\%$ confidence level. We explain the reason why these tensions arise. We also do a combined fit of T2K and NOvA data and comment on the results of this fit.Comment: matches the published versio

भारत में समुद्री संवर्धन

भारत में समुद्री संवर्धन तेज़ी से समुद्री खाद्य का महत् वपूर्ण उत्‍पा दक बन जाएगा, साथ ही देश में लाखों मछु आरों सहित कई लोगों के लि ए रोज़गार और आय का स्रोत बन जाएगा। सुनियोजि त और प्रबंधित समुद्री संवर्धन तटीय पर्या वरण एकता में सकारात् मक योगदान दे सकता है, जि ससे देश की नीली क्रांति में प्रमुख वि कास हो सकता है। समुद्री खाद्य की कु ल मात्रा (मीठा पानी की प्रजाति यों और जलीय पौधों सहित) प्रति वर्ष लगभग 140 मिलि यन मेट्रि क टन है। कु ल मात्रा का 20 प्रति शत मुख् यतः समुद्री शैवालों का योगदान है और समुद्री मछलि यों की मात्रा के वल 2 प्रति शत है। अतः समुद्री संवर्धन भवि ष् य में मछली पालन की अपार संभावनाएं होने वाला क्षेत्र है और इस तरह भारत में समुद्री खाद्य उत्‍पा दन में योगदान देता है। देश को स्वा वलंबन से गुणतायुक् त खाद्य पदार्थों के साथ वैश्विक बाज़ार में प्रति स् पर्धा का मुकाबला करने के लि ए यह क्षेत्र ‘’आत् निर्भर भारत अभियान’’ में भी महत् वपूर्ण योगदान दे सकता है

Book of Abstracts & Success Stories National Conference on Marine Debris COMAD 2018

Marine debris has become a global problem with considerable threats to the habitat and to the functions of marine ecosystem. One of the first reports of large areas of plastics in the ocean has been by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1988 about the Great Pacific Garbage patch or the Pacific trash vortex, where the density of litter is estimated as four numbers per cubic meter. Globally, this shocking information led to initiation of new research programs on marine litter and in India, the ICAR-CMFRI started an in house research program on this theme in 2007.Understanding the significance of this ecological problem which is purely a direct impact of anthropogenic activity, the Marine Biological Association of India decided to organise a National Conference on Marine Debris (COMAD 2018 ) with an aim to bring together researchers, planners, NGOs, entrepreneurs and local governing bodies working on this theme. Thus, this conference was planned with three main componentsunderstand the research outputs, get first- hand information on the various activities carried out by the public to reduce or recycle non degradable waste generated at various levels and also to have an exhibition of eco-friendly activities and products which would help to reduce marine debris in the long run. The response to all the three themes has been very encouraging. We have received about 50 research articles on themes ranging from micro-plastics to ghost nets and the same number of success stories which are actually details of the diverse activities carried out in different maritime states of the country to solve the issue of solid waste generated in the country. The section on success stories includes attempts by eco-clubs, individuals, schools, colleges, local governing bodies, district administrations, Institutions and NGOs. Activities by some Panchayats like banning plastics in public functions and mechanisms to collect sold waste from households are really commendable. Similarly, the efforts put in by various groups to remove marine debris from the coastal waters is something which should be appreciated. The message from these success stories is that, this problem of increasing marine debris can be resolved. We have got success stories from almost all states and these leaders of clean campaign will be presenting their work in the conference. It is well known that visuals such as photographs and videos are powerful tools of communication. In COMAD 2018, we have provided an opportunity for all across the nation to contribute to this theme through photographs and videos. Am very happy that we have received more than 300 photographs and nearly 25 videos. The MBAI will place these on the web site. It is really shocking to see the quantity of litter in the fishing ground and in the coastal ecosystem

An Overview on the applications of different polymers in capture of Carbon dioxide from atmosphere

Carbon dioxide discharges are increasing at a quick speed in the environment. CO2 is a significant ozone-depleting gas, and its exhausts induce overall temperature variations, which bring about ecological adjustment. As the world accelerates in its battle against environmental modification, climate can differ from one location to the next. Still, when we talk about climate modification, we’re discussing a variant in the usual weather patterns of an area. This could be because of a change in the Planet’s average temperature or maybe a modification in the number of rainstorms and snow. Human beings are progressively affecting the environment as well as the Planet. This includes many greenhouse gases contrasted to those discovered naturally in the atmosphere. Environment change is specified as an adjustment in the average conditions of an area, such as temperature level and rains, over an extended period of time. When we see where climate adjustment influences, unfortunately, it is throughout the world. This presentation will most likely go over various case studies. This evaluation focuses on carbon capture issues with the very best probability of limiting CO2 exhausts to the atmosphere from big point sources. According to a brand-new study that combines the most up-to-date research studies from the United Nations, the buildup of unmatched quantities of greenhouse gases in the environment devotes the world to disastrous future warming. Tape levels of greenhouse gases in the environment dedicate the Earth to disastrous future warming

Comparative analysis of conventional cytology and liquid-based cytology in the detection of carcinoma cervix and its precursor lesions

Context: The conventional smears (CS) and Liquid based cytology (LBC) are important tools to detect carcinoma cervix and its precursor lesions. Aims: The present study was done to compare the cytomorphological features of cervical lesions using both techniques and compare with the histopathological diagnosis. Settings and Design: This was a prospective observational study over a period of 1.5 years at a tertiary care hospital. Methods and Material: A total of 969 women in the age group of 21–65 years presenting with either routine screening or complaints of vaginal bleeding, discharge, or pelvic pain were enrolled for the study. Both the CS and LBC smears were analyzed and compared with the corresponding histopathology diagnosis. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: There were 8.57% unsatisfactory smears in CS as compared to 0.5% in LBC smears. Liquid-based cytology was superior to conventional preparations in terms of smear adequacy, lesser hemorrhagic and inflammatory background, and presence of more endocervical cells. Liquid-based cytology showed a better yield in detecting all the types of epithelial cell lesions with a concordance rate of 73.9% between the two techniques. On histopathology correlation of these lesions, LBC had a higher sensitivity (96.67%) and diagnostic accuracy (99.08%) as compared to CS (73.33% and 92.66%, respectively). Conclusions: Liquid-based cytology is superior to conventional cytology for the detection of epithelial cell lesions. Reduction in the unsatisfactory smears, a cleaner background, and better representation of the sample are more significantly appreciated on LBC in contrast to CS

Understanding the degeneracies in NOvA data

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThe combined analysis of v(mu) disappearance and v(e) appearance data of NOvA experiment leads to three nearly degenerate solutions. This degeneracy can be understood in terms of deviations in ve appearance signal, caused by unknown effects, with respect to the signal expected for a reference set of oscillations parameters. We define the reference set to be vacuum oscillations in the limit of maximal 023 and no CP-violation. We then calculate the deviations induced in the ve appearance signal event rate by three unknown effects: (a) matter effects, due to normal or inverted hierarchy (b) octant effects, due to 023 being in higher or lower octant and (c) CP-violation, whether delta(CP) 77/2 or (delta(CP) similar to pi/2. We find that the deviation caused by each of these effects is the same for NOvA. The observed number of ve events in NOvA is equivalent to the increase caused by one of the effects. Therefore, the observed number of ve appearance events of NOvA is the net result of the increase caused by two of the unknown effects and the decrease caused by the third. Thus we get the three degenerate solutions. We also find that further data by NOvA can not distinguish between these degenerate solutions but addition of one year of neutrino run of DUNE can make a distinction between all three solutions. The distinction between the two NH solutions and the IH solution becomes possible because of the larger matter effect in DUNE. The distinction between the two NH solutions with different octants is a result of the synergy between the anti-neutrino data of NOvA and the neutrino data of DUNE.9117FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2014/19164-62017/02361-1Agências de fomento estrangeiras apoiaram essa pesquisa, mais informações acesse artig