Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments from a Coastal Industrial Basin, NE China

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of metal pollution of the sediments from urban-stream, estuary and Jinzhou Bay of the coastal industrial city, NE China. Forty surface sediment samples from river, estuary and bay and one sediment core from Jinzhou bay were collected and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Mn. The data reveals that there was a remarkable change in the contents of heavy metals among the sampling sediments, and all the mean values of heavy metal concentration were higher than the national guideline values of marine sediment quality of China (GB 18668-2002). This is one of the most polluted of the world’s impacted coastal systems. Both the correlation analyses and geostatistical analyses showed that Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd have a very similar spatial pattern and come from the industrial activities, and the concentration of Mn mainly caused by natural factors. The estuary is the most polluted area with extremely high potential ecological risk; however the contamination decreased with distance seaward of the river estuary. This study clearly highlights the urgent need to make great efforts to control the industrial emission and the exceptionally severe heavy metal pollution in the coastal area, and the immediate measures should be carried out to minimize the rate of contamination, and extent of future pollution problems

İnmeli hastaların primer bakım vericilerinin bakım verme yükü ve depresyon düzeyinin ilişkisi

Bu araştırma inmeli hastaların primer bakım vericilerinin bakım verme yükü ve depresyon düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte olan araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin nöroloji yoğun bakım ünitesi, inme merkezi ve nöroloji kliniğinde yatan 92 inme tanısı almış hastanın primer bakım vericileri ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri, Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler ortalama±standart sapma, medyan (min-max değerler), sayı, yüzde, t testi, varyans analizi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Primer bakım vericilerin cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi, meslek, sosyal güvence, gelir durumu, kronik hastalık durumuna göre bakım verme yükü ölçeği puan ortalamaları ve Beck depresyon envanteri puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık görülmemektedir (p>0,05). Primer bakım vericilerin yakınlık derecelerine göre bakım verme yükü ölçeği puan ortalamaları ve Beck depresyon ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir (p0,05). Primer bakım vericilerden bakıcı/diğer olanların bakım verme yükü ölçeği puan ortalamaları daha düşüktür. Primer bakım vericilerin yakınlık derecelerine göre Beck depresyon puan ortalamaları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir(p>0,05). Bakım vericilerin Beck Depresyon Ölçeği depresyon sınıflarına göre bakım verme yükü ölçeği puan ortalamaları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir (p0,05). Buna göre orta ve şiddetli depresyon düzeyinde olan bakım vericilerin diğer depresyon sınıflarında olan bakım vericilere göre bakım verme yükü ölçeği puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Primer bakım vericilerden bakım verme yükü ve depresyon düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardır.This research was conducted to examine the relationship between the caregiving burden and the level of depression of primary caregivers of stroke patients. The descriptive and relationship-seeker type of research was conducted with primary caregivers of 92 stroke diagnoses in a university hospital's neurology intensive care unit, stroke centre and neurology clinic. The data of the study were collected with the Sociodemographic Data Sheet, Burden Interview and the Beck Depression Inventory. The data was analysed with the SPSS 22.0 package program. The data obtained from the study were evaluated using mean±standard deviation, median (min-max values), number, percentage, t test, variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. There is no statistically significant difference between the Burden Interview score averages and Beck depression inventory score averages according to gender, marital status, education level, occupation, social security, income status, chronic disease status of primary caregivers (p>0.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between Burden Interview and Beck depression scale score averages according to their proximity rating of primary caregivers (p0.05). Of primary caregivers, caregivers/others have lower Burden Interview score averages. Beck depression score averages do not differ statistically significantly according to the proximity ratings of primary caregivers (p>0.05). Burden Interview score averages vary statistically significantly compared to caregivers Beck Depression Scale depression classes (p0.05). Accordingly, it was determined that caregivers with moderate and severe depression levels had higher Burden Interview score averages than caregivers in other depression classes. There is a significant relationship between the burden of care and the level of depression from primary caregivers

Heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments from two regions (Saros and Gokova Gulfs) of the Eastern Aegean Sea

The main goal of this study is to determine the present heavy metal pollution state in the two gulfs of the Aegean Sea; Saros and Gokova Gulfs. The surface sediments were collected from 11 and eight locations in the Saros and Gokova during May 2001, respectively. The results showed that the sediments of Saros and Gokova gulfs were polluted with Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Ni and Pb, Cr, Ni, and Mn, respectively. For various metals the contamination factor (CF) has been calculated to assess the degree of pollution in sediments. The sediments were noted to be not contaminated with Hg, Cd, and Cu in all areas. Moderate contaminations were observed for Pb, Cr, and Zn in Saros Gulf. The CF was moderate and very high for Ni in the Saros and the Gokova Gulf, respectively

Investigation of birefringence of lyotropic nematic mesophase under magnetic field

Bu çalışmada, katyonik surfaktan olan tetradesiltrimetilamonyum bromid (TTAB) ve setiltrimetilamonyum bromid (CTAB) kullanılmıştır. TTAB+alkol+su ve CTAB+alkol+su üçlü sistemlerinden elde edilen nematik ara fazları polarize mikroskop ile tayin edilmiştir. Manyetik alan altında zamana bağlı olarak değişen tekstür görüntüleri, yönelimsel değişimleri ve çift kırılma indisi incelenmiştir. Zincir uzunluğu farkı ve manyetik alan gibi etkenlerin çift kırılma üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Böylece liyotropik ara fazların dış etkenlere karşı duyarlı olduğu ve optiksel özelliklerinin değişebileceği gözlemlenmiştir.In this study, the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used. TTAB + alcohol + water and CTAB + alcohol + water were determined by polarized microscopy of nematic mesophases obtained from ternary systems. Time-varying textural images, oriantional changes and birefringence index were investigated under magnetic field. The effects of chain length difference and magnetic field on birefringence index were investigated. Thus, it was observed that the lyotropic intermediate phases were sensitive to external factors and their optical properties could change

Heavy metal contaminants in Red Pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) tissues from the Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey

Heavy metal contents were investigated in different organ tissues of Red Pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) from the eastern Aegean Sea between May 1996 and July 1998. The concentrations of mercury in the muscle tissue ranged between 16 and 716, in liver 125-5451, in gonad 2.0-1858; cadmium in muscle nd-9.6, in liver 1.4-2245, in gonad nd-192; lead in muscle nd-1397, in liver 112-8311, in gonad nd-2927; zinc in muscle 1352-6693, in liver 2710-78705, in gonad 7273-168655; copper in muscle nd-383, in liver nd-21986, in gonad nd-20499 (mu g/kg wet weight). The highest concentrations were generally found in the Southern Aegean Sea. All metal levels in muscle tissues are lower than the limits of European Dietary Standards and Guidelines. The metals ratios between liver and muscle indicated that the liver accumulated higher levels of metals than the muscle tissues. The bioaccumulation factor (BAFs) of metals was measured in muscle, liver and gonads. BAFs among the analysed elements showed the descending orders as Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb for muscle and gonads and Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb for liver. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Assessment of trace metal concentrations and human health risk in clam (Tapes decussatus) and mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Homa Lagoon (Eastern Aegean Sea)

Seasonal variations of tracemetal concentrations (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cu) were investigated in the hepatopancreas and soft tissues (remaining parts of bivalves such as gill, mantle, foot, and muscle) of Tapes decussatus and Mytilus galloprovincialis from theHomaLagoon. The highest metal concentrations were recorded frequently in February and July in M. galloprovincialis and T. decussatus, respectively. Tracemetal levels (exceptZn) in the hepatopancreaswere higher than those in soft tissue for both bivalves. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Hg, Cd, and Zn for M. galloprovincialis were higher compared to T. decussatus in both tissues. The metal concentrations in both bivalves from the Homa Lagoon were generally below the values of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) estimates, in terms of human health risk. According to hazardquotient(HQ), Crvalues forbothspeciesandCdvalues for only M. galloprovincialis were found greater than one. Also, total hazard index (THI) values were greater than one in both bivalves, having a potential risk for consumers