International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The biology of the Olive leaf moth Palpita unionalis (Hübn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in natural conditions [Zeytin fidantirtili Palpita unionalis (Hübn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'in doga koşullarinda biyolojisi]

This study was carried out on Gemlik variety olive plants (Olea europae L.) in branches cages with two different periods, from August to September and from September to December in 2009, at natural conditions in Adana. In this study, some biological characters of Palpita unionalis (Hübn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) such as adult longevity, female egg numbers, hatching period of eggs, larvae, prepupa and pupa longevity were studied. At the end of this study; average life span in nature was found about 38.4 days at 28.2 °C, 70.1% R.H at the first branch cages study and it was completed in 61.6 days at 18.4 °C, 64.4% R.H. at the second branch cages study. The duration of adult stage was determined as 6.17±0.41 (3-13) days in the first and 9.22±0.60 (3-21) days in the second study. The number of eggs laid per female were ranged from 4 to 638 (average 233) and from 29 to 643 (average 296) for the first and second study, respectively. Also, the eggs were hatched about 3.45±0.13 (3-5) days and 4.33±0.10 (4-5) days. P. unionalis adults were active at night and laid 2-28 eggs as single or in groups usually on the lower surface of leaves. The duration of larval stage development was 18.50±0.56 (16-20) days for the first, while the second was 26.25±0.82 (23-32) days. The average prepupa stage duration was found 1.63±0.18 (1-2) days in the first period and 1.73±0.35 (1-5) days for the second period. The pupa stage was also determined 8.63±0.60 (6-10) days and 20.30±1.92 (13-33) days for the first and second studies, respectively

A Survey of Aphid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Diyarbakir, Turkey

A list is given of aphid parasitoids found in Diyarbakir Province, Turkey. In the survey, performed between 1998 and 2000, 16 species of aphid parasitoids were found on different hosts in Diyarbakir Province. Monoctonus mali is reported for the first time in the Turkish aphid parasitoids fauna

New faunistic data on the spiders of Turkey

Five spider species are recorded for the first time for the fauna of Turkey. These are Dipoena torva (Thorell, 1875) (Theridiidae), Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) (Linyphiidae), Tetragnatha nigri-ta Lendl, 1886 (Tetragnathidae), Asianellus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1834) and Dendryphantes hastatus (Clerck, 1757) (Salticidae)

The natural enemies of whiteflies (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in southern anatolia

In this study, a total of 48 natural enemies was found associated with 17 aleyrodid species from among the 26 aleyrodid species known from Southern Anatolia. In addition to these natural enemies, one species, Acletoxenus formosus Loew (Diptera: Drosophilidae), was identified as a first record for the Turkish fauna. The most common natural enemies, found on most whitefly species, were Cladosporum sp. (fungi), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Conwentzia hageni Banks (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae), Clitostethus arcuatus Rossi, Serangium montazerii Fürsch, Chilocorus bipustulatus L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Encarsia inaron Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). © 2003 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Zelleria oleastrella (Milliere) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae),a new record for the fauna of Turkey [Zelleria oleastrella (Milliere) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) Türkiye faunasına yeni bir kayıt]

Zelleria oleastrella (Milliere), a monophagous pest on olive trees, was recorded for the first time in Turkey.The pest was collected from olive orchards in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2008 and 2009. Its general distribution is presented. © TÜBİTAK

Mechanical control and damage of Polydrusus ponticus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on apricot in Malatya province, Turkey [Malatya ili kayisilarinda zararli, Polydrusus ponticus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)'un zarari ve mekanik mücadelesi]

This study was conducted in apricot orchards in Doganşehir, Yeşilyurt, Battalgazi and Kale district of Malatya in 2010-2011. Polydrusus ponticus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was identified in Turkey in previous years but there wasn't a detailed study on the pest since then. This study aimed to determine the damage type, damage rate and the effectiveness of mechanical control of the pest. Visual control method was used to define the damage type. In order to reveal the damage rate and a total of 1000 fruits on 10 trees in each orchard were rated as damaged or clean. Randomized block experimental design was used for mechanical control trail with 2 characters and 6 replications. The results were evaluated by monitoring 250 fruits per tree. As a result, it is determined that P. ponticus adults causes crop losses by feeding on buds, leaves and shoots while larvae causes losses by feeding on apricot seed. It was monitored that only one larvae feeds in a single fruit. It was also monitored that the damaged fruit either dropped off before maturation or was hang off on the tree. It was determined that the average damage rate of P. ponticus was 5.8 % in 2010, 5.9 % in 2011 and 5.9 % as the average of the two years. The effectiveness of the mechanical control against P. ponticus was 95.5 % in an orchard in Doganşehir in 2010 while 95.7 % in Battalgazi. The rates were 95.8 % and 95.6 % respectively in the second year of the trial. According to these results, average efficacy rate of siliconized fiber for the control of P. ponticus was found 95.6 %. Siliconized fiber application was determined as an alternative to chemical control. © 2014, Entomological Society of Turkey. All rights reserved

Determination of adult population dynamics and generation number of Honeydew moth [Cryptoblabes gnidiella Milliere., 1867 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] in pomegranate orchards in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [Dogu Akdeniz Bölgesi nar bahçelerinde Portakal güvesi [Cryptoblabes gnidiella Milliere, 1867 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)]'nin ergin popülasyon degisimi ve döl sayisinin belirlenmesi]

This study was carried out at pomegranate orchards in Adana, Mersin and Osmaniye provinces of the Eastern Mediterranean Region in 2008-2009. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the status of Honeydew moth [Cryptoblabes gnidiella Milliere, 1867 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] in the region by determining some criteria that are essential for the control of the pest such as trap hanging time, the emergence time of adults, adult population dynamics, peak times of population, the period for adults to be active in the nature and generation number. The adult population dynamics of C. gnidiella observed with the pheromone traps. To determine generation number development threshold and total effective temperature was used. At the end of the study, C. gnidiella adults were determined to emerge firstly in the beginning of April. The pest population that was low at the beginning of the vegetation period increased starting from the second half of July and reached to a peak level in October-November. During the flight period of C. gnidiella, one peak at April-June, 2 to 3 peaks at July-September and 1 to 2 peaks at October-November, totally 4 to 5 peaks were determined. The last moth flight was detected between end of November and the first days of December. It was also detected that the pest were active in the field 8 months long and gave 4-5 generations per year

Effect of different host plants on the development time and parasitization rate of Eretmocerus debachi Rose and Rosen (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) as insect host

The effect of six citrus and five non-citrus host plants on the developmental time of Eretmocerus debachi Rose and Rosen (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), the parasitoid of Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), was studied under laboratory conditions. On citrus host plants, the mean developmental time from egg to adult was shortest on lemon with 14.6 days and longest on trifoliate orange with 26.3 days. On non-citrus host plants the developmental time ranged between 16.3 days on vine and 23.0 days on pomegranate. Among the various host plants tested, E. debachi preferred P. myricae on sweet orange. A high mortality of P. myricae due to host feeding and parasitization was observed on sweet orange and grapefruit among citrus host plants and on rose among non-citrus host plants

Interaction between two important parasitoids (Apanteles brunnistigma and Trichogramma evanescens) and their host Palpita unionalis in olive groves of the eastern mediterranean region [Doğu akdeniz bölgesi zeytin bahçelerinde Palpita unionalis ile ıki önemli parazitoiti (Apanteles brunnistigma ve Trichogramma evanescens) arasındaki ilişki]

Olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis (Hübn.) (Lepidoptera: Carambidae) is an important species which damages by consuming green organs of olive trees such as leaves and twings and fruits at high population. It has not been completely known the parasitism rate of its native parasitoids in Turkey. For this aim, the study was conducted to determine the interaction between olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis (Hübn.) (Lepidoptera: Carambidae) and its larval parasitoid, Apanteles brunnistigma Abdinbekova (Hymenoptera: Brachonidae) and egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), as well as their parasitism rates. The study was conducted on four olive groves in Erzin (Hatay), Kadirli (Osmaniye), Tarsus (Mersin) and Sarıçam (Adana) in the eastern Mediterranean region between 2009 and 2010. Both parasitoids were checked weekly from April to November and forthnightly rest of the months during two years. Parasited eggs were detected between the end of April and December during seven and eight months for both years. The parasitism rate caused by T. evanescens was calculated between 13.83 and 100% in Erzin, 11.1 and 100% in Kadirli, 9.1 and 100% in Tarsus, 1.4 and 100% in Sarıçam for two years. Apanteles brunnistigma which is larva parasitoid of P. unionalis was determined to be actived between at the end of May and November during five and six months for two years. The parasitism rate of A. brunnistigma was calculated between 0.5 and 100% in Erzin, 2.6 and 33.3% in Kadirli, 5.3 and 14.3% in Tarsus, 1.4 and 10.2% in Sarıçam. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi