A STUDY ON THE EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFELONG LEARNING TENDENCY AND DIGITAL LITERACY LEVEL

Today societies think that it is important to raise individuals having the desire for lifelong learning and digital literacy skill. The fact that current information has lost its validity and the dominance of digital tools and materials in accessing information has increased as well as the rapid change experienced in science and technology prompts societies to contemplate in this way. Education process and the teachers who are the guides of this process are essential in raising individuals having the desire for lifelong learning and digital literacy skill. In this study employing relational screening model, the relation between the social studies teacher candidates’ lifelong learning tendencies and their digital literacy level is investigated and lifelong learning tendencies and digital literacy levels of the candidates are determined according to several variables. The research population is composed of 188 teacher candidates studying in the department of social studies teaching of a state university in Marmara Region of Turkey in fall semester of 2019-2020 academic years. As data collection tool “Lifelong learning scale”, “Digital literacy scale” and “Personal information form” are used. In order to determine the source of the difference among the data obtained, T-Test, Single-Factor Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and in determining the relation between the scales, Regression Analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient are used. The findings indicate that lifelong learning tendencies of the teacher candidates are high while their digital literacy skills are at a medium level. Another finding of the research is that the candidates’ lifelong learning tendencies vary according to gender and class level while these tendencies do not vary according to socio-economic level. Digital literacy level of the teacher candidates varies according to gender, class and socio-economic levels. The findings regarding the relation between the lifelong learning tendencies and digital literacy level indicate that there is a moderate, positive and significant relationship.  Article visualizations

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MEDIA LITERACY AND GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE SOCILA STUDIES TEACHERS

The study aims to investigate the global citizenship and media literacy skills of pre-service social studies teachers based on various variables and determine the correlation between media literacy and global citizenship skills. The study was conducted with 502 pre-service teachers attending the Social Studies Teaching Department. The study data were collected the media literacy skills scale developed by Erişti & Erdem (2017), and the global citizenship scale adapted in to Turkish language by Şahin & Çermik (2014). The data were analyzed with the Independent Samples T test, ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The findings demonstrated that there were no differences between the media literacy skills of pre-service teachers based on gender and daily internet use; however, there were differences based on class level, level of use of digital tools and previous attendance in a media literacy course. It was determined that there were differences between their global citizenship levels based on gender, class level, level of use of digital tools and previous attendance in a media literacy course, and there were no differences based on daily internet use. Other study findings revealed that there was a low, positive and significant correlation between media literacy and global citizenship skills of pre-service teachers

Jn wittenes of quyche thynge to þis present lettreȝ We haue sett oure Seals vppon trewth: A Study of Thirteen Late Middle English Attestations

This thesis presents an edition and study of a group of thirteen English attestations from the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The texts are dated to the period 1427-1525, and will also form part of the Corpus of Middle English Local Documents (MELD) at the University of Stavanger. Each text is studied individually, and both a full diplomatic edition and a translation of the texts are provided. The study highlights the importance of Late Middle English attestations as an early English administrative text type, written in English at a time when most administrative documents were still written in Latin or French. Furthermore, the sociolinguistic background of the texts is studied via the dates and the names of people and places they provide. The study also approaches Middle English attestations as a text type, focusing on their structure, their use of formulaic parts and their personal narratives. The texts are examined in terms of their similarities and differences, and related to the history of Late Middle English administrative documents. The core of this study is a thorough analysis of each individual text. Starting with a physical description of the document, the analysis moves to the greeting clause and the opening formula respectively. Both the set phrases and unique components are studied. Next, the narrative part is examined, using Swales’ (2006) model of moves and steps. The relationships between the moves and steps are analysed via linking words with the help of Fludernik’s (2008) model of discourse markers. Finally, the closing formulae and dating clauses are examined and the variation found is related to the sociohistorical context of the texts. The study argues that attestations are not made up of only formulaic parts; their language and textual structure, as well as their contents, are highly variable. In particular, the narrative parts may contain colloquial language representing the voices of the attestators. Additionally, even the formulaic parts vary greatly, illustrating the great amount of variation in the Middle English period

Material Characterization of Byzantine Period Brick Masonry Walls Revealed in Istanbul (Turkey)

In this study, the characteristics of mortars and bricks used in the walls of the historical building, which were revealed during the subway station construction excavations, probably belonged to religious place, have been investigated. Results of the analyses indicated that the mortars are hydraulic but they have a low compressive strength and a high porosity. The bricks whatever used as masonry unit or aggregate were produced from calcium rich clay at a firing temperature of 850−900°C, they are of low apparent density, high porosity and relatively high compressive strength, and also show pozzolanic activity

The MTT viability assay yields strikingly false-positive viabilities although the cells are killed by some plant extracts

The MTT assay is one of the often used cell viability/cytotoxicity assays. However, when the methanol extracts of plants are used to test their cytotoxic potential, interference may occur, resulting in false-positive viability results. Therefore, in this study, the reliability of the MTT assay was investigated in the case of plant use. The methanol extracts of three different plants (Hypericum adenotrichum, Salvia kronenburgii, and Pelargonium quercetorum) were tested in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using the MTT assay and the results were compared to the ATP assay, which is a much more sensitive and reliable assay due to its interference-free feature. Additionally, decreased cell density was confirmed with phase-contrast microscopy and fluorescence staining (Hoechst 33342 dye). Although both of the viability/cytotoxicity assays are considered as metabolic assays, viabilities (in %) in the MTT assay were found to be strikingly higher when compared to the results with the ATP assay. Even in the case of total death, the MTT assay still produced artificial/false increases in viability. The morphology-based evaluation of viability/cytotoxicity by phase-contrast microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining were greatly compatible with the ATP assay results. Overestimated (false) viabilities in the MTT assay suggests a serious interference between the MTT assay itself and the extracts used. Some ingredients of plants may have reducing activity (like the dehydrogenase activity of the cells) that converts the MTT compound into the colored formazan that is the principle of the assay. Therefore, the MTT assay may not be a suitable assay for some plant extracts, urging great caution when plants are use

Does halal certificate have any effect on brand loyalty: a research on the fast food consumers

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Usnea filipendula induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines

Lichens are complex organisms living in a symbiotic relationship with fungi and algae have recently received special interest in cancer research. The cytotoxic activities of Usnea filipendula Stirt. lichen extract was investigated on colon cancer cell lines, HCT-15 and HT-29. Sulphorhodamine B and ATP cell viability tests were used to monitor cytotoxic activity. The mode of cell death (apoptosis/necrosis) was determined using caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30), caspase-3/7 activity and fluorescence staining techniques that included, Annexin-V, Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. Usnea filipendula showed dose and time-dependent antiproliferative effect in HCT-15 and HT-29 cells. The IC50 values in HCT-15 and HT-29 cells were 17.92 and 41.87 mu g/ml, respectively. The extract induced apoptosis in both cell lines especially in HCT-15 cells in which caspase-3/7 activity was increased. Usnea filipendula was cytotoxic to colon cancer HCT-15 and HT-29 cell lines by inducing early or late apoptosis as evidenced by translocation of phosphatidylserine, pyknotic nuclei and nuclear condensation. Further studies would help to understand the full potential of Usnea filipendula as a novel anticancer therapy

Comparative analysis of the toxicity of gold nanoparticles in zebrafish

The use of nanoparticles - particles that range in size from 1 to 100 nanometres - has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, bringing with it a variety of potential toxic effects. Zebrafish embryos were exposed during the 3-day post-fertilisation period to gold nanospheres (GSSs), gold nanorods (GNRs), gold nanorods coated with polystyrene-sulfate (PSS-GNRs), and gold nanorods coated with both polystyrene-sulfate and polyallamine hydrochloride (PAH/PSS-GNRs). All nanorods were stabilised with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). GNSs were the least toxic of the nanoparticles studied, with exposure resulting in no significant changes in mortality, hatching or heart rate. Exposure to GNRs and PSS-GNRs resulted in significant increases in mortality and significant decreases in hatching and heart rate. Treatment with GNRs caused significant changes in the expression of a variety of oxidative stress genes. The toxic effects of GNRs were ameliorated by coating them with polystyrene-sulfate and, to a more marked extent, with a double coating of polystyrene-sulfate and polyallamine hydrochloride