Attitude towards and Readiness for Interprofessional Education in Medical and Nursing Students of Bern

Objectives: Interprofessional collaboration is becoming increasingly important in health care for various reasons. Interprofessional Education (IPE) can provide a basis for this. The aim of our study was to find out how medical (MS) and nursing students (NS) think about their own and other professions, what they know about each other, how strong their willingness to embrace IPE is, and what forms of IPE they deem useful. Methodology: Seven IPE experts rated the two measuring instruments, Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale RIPLS, and Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale IEPS in terms of relevance of the items, and the quality of translation into German. Nine RIPLS items and 13 IEPS items were considered content-valid. All MS of the University of Bern and NS of the two Bernese educational institutions for nursing were invited to the online survey in the fall of 2014 by email. Results: 498 (254 MS, 244 NS) of the 2374 invited students completely filled in the questionnaire (21%). The results of the reduced RIPLS allowed no conclusive statements. When assessing their own occupational group in the IEPS, the MS attributed "competence and autonomy" to themselves significantly more frequently, while to the NS, the same was true for the item, "actual cooperation". MS know significantly less about the training of other health professionals. NS show a significantly higher willingness to embrace IPE. Teaching ethics, communication, team training, and clinical skills are deemed suitable for IPE by both groups. From the comments it appears that in both groups a majority welcomes IPE; however, the various arguments had different prevalence in both groups. Both groups fear that IPE leads to heightened stress during the study. A subgroup of MS fears a lowering of academic level. Conclusion: The results of this survey of Bernese MS and NS concerning IPE provide important information for the planning and implementation of IPE. Important steps in the introduction of IPE will be a clear justification and the definition of its objectives. These must be explicitly communicated to all students

Blended Learning "Polypharmazie im Alter" im 4. Studienjahr Humanmedizin

Using deep two-color near-infrared HST imaging and unbiased grism spectroscopy, we present a detailed study of the z = 1.803 JKCS 041 cluster. We confirm, for the first time for a high-redshift cluster, a mass of log M ≳ 14.2 in solar units using four different techniques based on the X-ray temperature, the X-ray luminosity, the gas mass, and the cluster richness. JKCS 041 is thus a progenitor of a local system like the Coma cluster. Our rich dataset and the abundant population of 14 spectroscopically confirmed red-sequence galaxies allows us to explore the past star formation history of this system in unprecedented detail. Our most interesting result is a prominent red sequence down to stellar masses as low as log M/M☉ = 9.8, corresponding to a mass range of 2 dex. These quiescent galaxies are concentrated around the cluster center with a core radius of 330 kpc. There are only few blue members and avoid the cluster center. In JKCS 041 quenching was therefore largely completed by a look-back time of 10 Gyr, and we can constrain the epoch at which this occurred via spectroscopic age-dating of the individual galaxies. Most galaxies were quenched about 1.1 Gyr prior to the epoch of observation. The less-massive quiescent galaxies are somewhat younger, corresponding to a decrease in age of 650 Myr per mass dex, but the scatter in age at fixed mass is only 380 Myr (at log M/M☉ = 11). There is no evidence for multiple epochs of star formation across galaxies. The size-mass relation of quiescent galaxies in JKCS 041 is consistent with that observed for local clusters within our uncertainties, and we place an upper limit of 0.4 dex on size growth at fixed stellar mass (95% confidence). Comparing our data on JKCS 041 with 41 clusters at lower redshift, we find that the form of the mass function of red sequence galaxies has hardly evolved in the past 10 Gyr, both in terms of its faint-end slope and characteristic mass. Despite observing JKCS 041 soon after its quenching and the three-fold expected increase in mass in the next 10 Gyr, it is already remarkably similar to present-day clusters

Validity evidence and reliability of a simulated patient feedback instrument

Contains fulltext : 110154.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: In the training of healthcare professionals, one of the advantages of communication training with simulated patients (SPs) is the SP's ability to provide direct feedback to students after a simulated clinical encounter. The quality of SP feedback must be monitored, especially because it is well known that feedback can have a profound effect on student performance. Due to the current lack of valid and reliable instruments to assess the quality of SP feedback, our study examined the validity and reliability of one potential instrument, the 'modified Quality of Simulated Patient Feedback Form' (mQSF). METHODS: Content validity of the mQSF was assessed by inviting experts in the area of simulated clinical encounters to rate the importance of the mQSF items. Moreover, generalizability theory was used to examine the reliability of the mQSF. Our data came from videotapes of clinical encounters between six simulated patients and six students and the ensuing feedback from the SPs to the students. Ten faculty members judged the SP feedback according to the items on the mQSF. Three weeks later, this procedure was repeated with the same faculty members and recordings. RESULTS: All but two items of the mQSF received importance ratings of > 2.5 on a four-point rating scale. A generalizability coefficient of 0.77 was established with two judges observing one encounter. CONCLUSIONS: The findings for content validity and reliability with two judges suggest that the mQSF is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the quality of feedback provided by simulated patients

Individual Video Training - Entwicklung einer nationalen Infrastruktur für Video-unterstütztes Lernen

Video-basiertes Lernen ist besonders effektiv, wo es um Fertigkeiten und Verhalten geht. Videoaufzeichnungen von Gesprächen, Unterrichtssituationen oder der Durchführung praktischer Tätigkeiten wie dem Nähen einer Wunde erlauben es den Ausführenden, ihren Peers und ihren Tutoren, die Qualität der Leistung zu beurteilen und Anregungen zur Verbesserung zu formulieren. Wissend um den grossen didaktischen Wert von Videoaufzeichnungen haben sich vier Pädagogische Hochschulen (Zürich, Freiburg, Thurgau, Luzern) und zwei Medizinische Fakultäten (Bern, Lausanne) zusammen getan, um eine nationale Infrastruktur für Video-unterstütztes Lernen anzustossen. Ziel was es, ein System zu entwickeln, das einfach zu bedienen ist, bei dem viele Arbeitsschritte automatisiert sind und das die Videos im Internet bereit stellt. Zusammen mit SWITCH, der nationalen IT-Support-Organisation der Schweizer Hochschulen, wurde basierend auf den vorbestehenden Technologien AAI und SWITCHcast das Programm iVT (Individual Video Training) entwickelt. Die Integration des nationalen Single Logon System AAI (Authentification and Authorization Infrastructure) erlaubt es, die Videos mit dem jeweiligen User eindeutig zu verknüpfen, so dass die Videos nur für diesen User im Internet zugänglich sind. Mit dem Podcast-System SWITCHcast können Videos automatisch ins Internet hochgeladen und bereit gestellt werden. Es wurden je ein Plugin für die Learning Management Systeme ILIAS (PH Zürich, Uni Bern) und Moodle (Uni Lausanne) entwickelt. Dank dieser Plugins werden die Videos in den jeweiligen LMS verfügbar gemacht. Der Einsatz von iVT ist beim Kommunikationstraining unserer Medizinstudierenden in Bern inzwischen Standard. Das Login gilt gleichzeitig als Beleg für das Testat. Studierende, die keine Videoaufzeichnung wünschen, können diese nach dem Login stoppen. Bis anhin ist das Betrachten der Videos freiwillig. Szenarios mit Peer Feedback sind geplant. Eine entsprechende Erweiterung des Systems um gegenseitige Annotationsmöglichkeiten besteht bereits und wird fortlaufend weiterentwickelt

Zwei Technische Lösungen zur Unterstützung des Trainings von Telefonkommunikationsfertigkeiten

Telefonkommunikationsfertigkeiten sind in der modernen Medizin von zunehmender Bedeutung. Entsprechend wurde vom Berner Institut für Hausarztmedizin ein Telefonkommunikationskurs eingeführt. Mit zwei technischen Lösungen unterstützen wir in unserem Skills Lab diesen Kurs. Mit drei im Internet abrufbaren Tonbeispielen können sich die Studierenden auf das Training vorbereiten. Unsere Befragung ergab, dass mehr als drei Viertel der Studierenden diese Tonbeispiele nutzen. Um den Problemen und Kosten von am Netz angeschlossenen Telefongeräten auszuweichen, haben wir Schleusentelefone der Schweizer Armee angeschafft. Diese lassen sich direkt verbinden, benötigen nur Typ C Batterien und haben Kurbel betrieben Klingeln. Sowohl Aufbau wie Einsatz waren problemlos. Mittels QR Codes auf dem Poster können die Leser mit ihren Smartphones die Tonbeispiele und ein Video über den Telefonkommunikationskurs ansteuern

Individual Video Training iVT - Development of a National Infrastructure for Video-Supported Learning

Introduction: Video‐Supported Learning is particularly effective when it comes to skills and behaviors. Video registration of patient‐physician interviews, class room instruction or practical skills allow it to learners themselves, their peers, and their tutors to assess the quality of the learner's performance, to give specific feedback, and to make suggestions for improvement. Methods: In Switzerland, four pedagogical universities and two medical faculties joined to initiate the development of a national infrastructure for Video Supported Learning. The goal was to have a system that is simple to use, has most steps automated, provides the videos over the Internet, and has a sophisticated access control. Together with SWITCH, the national IT‐Support‐Organisation for Swiss Universities, the program iVT (Individual Video Training) was developed by integrating two preexisting technologies. The first technology is SWITCHcast, a podcast system. With SWITCHcast, videos are automatically uploaded to a server as soon as the registration is over. There the videos are processed and converted to different formats. The second technology is the national Single Logon System AAI (Authentification and Authorization Infrastructure) that enables iVT to link each video with the corresponding learner. The learner starts the registration with his Single Logon. Thus, the video can unambiguously be assigned. Via his institution's Learning Management System (LMS), the learner can access his video and give access to his video to peers and tutors. Results: iVT is now used at all involved institutions. The system works flawlessly. In Bern, we use iVT for the communications skills training in the forth and sixth year. Since students meet with patient actors alone, iVT is also used to certify attendance. Students are encouraged to watch the videos of the interview and the feedback of the patient actor. The offer to discuss a video with a tutor was not used by the students. Discussion: We plan to expand the use of iVT by making peer assessment compulsory. To support this, annotation capabilities are currently added to iVT. We also want to use iVT in training of practical skills, again for self as well as for peer assessment.  At present, we use iVT for quality control of patient actor's performance