The effect of ultradian and orbital cycles on plant growth

In a series of experiments using sugar beets, researchers investigated the effects of varying cycles lengths on growth (0.37 hr to 48 hr). Each cycle was equally divided into a light and dark period so that each treatment regardless of cycle length received the same amount of light over the 17 weeks of the experiment. Two growth parameters were used to evaluate the effects of cycle length, total fresh weight and sucrose content of the storage root. Both parameters showed very similar responses in that under long cycles (12 hr or greater) growth was normal, whereas plants growing under shorter cycle periods were progressively inhibited. Minimum growth occurred at a cycle period of 0.75 hr. The yield at the 0.75 hr cycle, where was at a minimum, for total fresh weight was only 51 percent compared to the 24 hr cycle. The yield of sucrose was even more reduced at 41 percent of the 24 hr cycle

Stochastic unraveling of Redfield master equations and its application to electron transfer problems

A method for stochastic unraveling of general time-local quantum master equations (QMEs) is proposed. The present kind of jump algorithm allows a numerically efficient treatment of QMEs which are not in Lindblad form, i.e. are not positive semidefinite by definition. The unraveling can be achieved by allowing for trajectories with negative weights. Such a property is necessary, e.g. to unravel the Redfield QME and to treat various related problems with high numerical efficiency. The method is successfully tested on the damped harmonic oscillator and on electron transfer models including one and two reaction coordinates. The obtained results are compared to those from a direct propagation of the reduced density matrix (RDM) as well as from the standard quantum jump method. Comparison of the numerical efficiency is performed considering both the population dynamics and the RDM in the Wigner phase space representation.Comment: accepted in J. Chem. Phys.; 26 pages, 6 figures; the order of authors' names on the title page correcte

Open Space – a collaborative process for facilitating Tourism IT partnerships

The success of IT projects depends on the success of the partnerships on which they are based. However past research by the author has identified a significant rate of failure in these partnerships, predominantly due to an overly technical mindset, leading to the question: “how do we ensure that, as technological solutions are implemented within tourism, due consideration is given to human-centred issues?” The tourism partnership literature is explored for additional insights revealing that issues connected with power, participation and normative positions play a major role. The method, Open Space, is investigated for its ability to engage stakeholders in free and open debate. This paper reports on a one-day Open Space event sponsored by two major intermediaries in the UK travel industry who wanted to consult their business partners. Both the running of the event and its results reveal how Open Space has the potential to address some of the weaknesses associated with tourism partnerships

Hochkultur auf dem Prüfstand? Eine Konkretisierung der allgemeinen Problematik am Beispiel ostdeutscher Orchester

Die Hochkultur in Deutschland, insbesondere in Ostdeutschland, steht gegenwärtig auf dem finanziellen Prüfstand: Als größtenteils öffentlich finanzierte aber freiwillige kommunale Aufgabe gerät sie unter dem Einfluss der Steuerrückgänge als Folge der Finanzkrise unter erheblichen Druck, müssen doch Pflichtaufgaben, vor allem im sozialen Sektor, prioritär erfüllt werden. Die hohe Kulturdichte als Teil einer sozialistischen Bildungsstrategie konnte unter marktwirtschaftlichen Bedingungen nicht aufrechterhalten werden. Weiterer Druck auf die Gemeinden entsteht durch eine sich ändernde Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung, die die Selbstfinanzierungsmöglichkeiten weiter einschränkt. Steigende Budgetanforderungen der Hochkultur bei gegebener Angebotskapazität können nur durch zusätzliche Einnahmen an den Märkten, ein verbessertes Sponsoring oder ein Aufstocken der Förderung gedeckt werden, wenn Kosteneinsparungen schwer möglich erscheinen und an die Substanz, insbesondere die Qualität, gehen können. Es ist daher zu fragen, welche Organisationsformen sich anbieten, das Kulturangebot zu stabilisieren. Dies erscheint aus institutionenökonomischer Sicht insbesondere dann als erforderlich, wenn durch Kultur möglicherweise die Transaktionskosten der Gesellschaft verringert werden. Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung der ostdeutschen Orchesterlandschaft werden grundlegende Probleme des öffentlich finanzierten Kulturangebots aufgezeigt und eine Reihe von Maßnahmen empfohlen, die der Systemstabilisierung der Kulturlandschaft dienen können. Denn ohne Zweifel ist das Kulturangebot als weicher Standortfaktor nicht nur von Bedeutung für hochwertige Unternehmensfunktionen, es stellt ebenso einen Beitrag zur gesellschaftlichen Identität dar

Spectroscopy of electron-induced fluorescence in organic liquid scintillators

Emission spectra of several organic liquid-scintillator mixtures which are relevant for the proposed LENA detector have been measured by exciting the medium with electrons of ~10keV. The results are compared with spectra resulting from ultraviolet light excitation. Good agreement between spectra measured by both methods has been found.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Fluorescence decay-time constants in organic liquid scintillators

The fluorescence decay-time constants have been measured for several scintillator mixtures based on phenyl-o-xylylethane (PXE) and linear alkylbenzene (LAB) solvents. The resulting values are of relevance for the physics performance of the proposed large-volume liquid scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy). In particular, the impact of the measured values to the search for proton decay via p -> K+ antineutrino is evaluated in this work.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure