Integrals of monomials over the orthogonal group

A recursion formula is derived which allows to evaluate invariant integrals over the orthogonal group O(N), where the integrand is an arbitrary finite monomial in the matrix elements of the group. The value of such an integral is expressible as a finite sum of partial fractions in $N$. The recursion formula largely extends presently available integration formulas for the orthogonal group.Comment: 9 pages, no figure

Downstream flow top width prediction in a river system

ANFIS, ARIMA and Hybrid Multiple Inflows Muskingum models (HMIM) were applied to simulate and forecast downstream discharge and flow top widths in a river system. The ANFIS model works on a set of linguistic rules while the ARIMA model uses a set of past values to predict the next value in a time series. The HMIM model assumes a power-law relationship between water discharge and flow top width at a section. The models were used to simulate and forecast discharge and flow top width at a downstream section in the Barak River system in India. Flow top widths corresponding to  different flow depths at the downstream section were estimated using a digital elevation model (DEM). The parameters in the hybrid model were estimated by applying Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II  (NSGA-II). The study shows that the power-law relationship involving section characteristics can describe the top width versus discharge  relationship for a section. The models allow direct estimation of the downstream flow top width on the basis of upstream flow variables. Results obtained in the study show that performances of the HMIM, ANFIS and  ARIMA models are satisfactory, having average prediction errors of less than 7% of the average value of the observed series. Application of the ANFIS, ARIMA and the HMIM models to the studied river system  demonstrate the suitability of the models in simulating and forecasting  downstream flow top width in river systems.Keywords: River system, flow top width, genetic algorithm, flood flow, hybrid mode

Testing statistical bounds on entanglement using quantum chaos

Previous results indicate that while chaos can lead to substantial entropy production, thereby maximizing dynamical entanglement, this still falls short of maximality. Random Matrix Theory (RMT) modeling of composite quantum systems, investigated recently, entails an universal distribution of the eigenvalues of the reduced density matrices. We demonstrate that these distributions are realized in quantized chaotic systems by using a model of two coupled and kicked tops. We derive an explicit statistical universal bound on entanglement, that is also valid for the case of unequal dimensionality of the Hilbert spaces involved, and show that this describes well the bounds observed using composite quantized chaotic systems such as coupled tops.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in PRL. New title. Revised abstract and some changes in the body of the pape

Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants

Four medicinal plants including Ranunculus arvensis, Equisetum ravens, Carathamus lanatus and Fagonia critica were used for the study. All the plants were biologically active and were used for different types of ailments. Keeping in view their importance, this work was carried out to investigate the quantitative determination of their crude phytochemicals, vitamins and protein contents. The quantitative determination of crude phytochemicals (alkaloids, total phenols, flavonoids and saponins) vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin C, niacin and pectin) and protein were determined in the aforementioned herbs. The phytochemicals including alkaloids, total phenols, flavonoids and saponins were determined quantitatively using literature methods. Vitamins were measured using a UV/ visible spectrophotometer (UV- 1601 Shamidzu) and the protein was determined by the Micro KJeldahl’s method (Horwitz et al., 2000). The studied plants showed variable amounts of phytochemicals, vitamins and protein contents. The study is very important, in that it intended to show the contents of the studied medicinal herbs and also provide a scientific data base line which is of particular importance for the local practioners as well as for the local people using these herbs for a variety of body disorders.Key word: Phytochemical analysis, medicinal plants, Pakistan

Drying techniques differentially affect bark beetle weight change

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A novel Multi-permittivity Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Applications

In this paper, a novel multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband application is presented. The multi-permittivity cylinder is formed by combining two different permittivity material sectors in such a way that each sector (with constant permittivity) is 90 degree apart. A direct microstrip line coupling terminated with T-stub at the open end is used to excite the multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator. The angular position of the multi sector dielectric resonator with respect to the longitudinal axis of the microstrip line and length of the additional strip at the open end of the feeding circuit is key parameters for wideband operation of the antenna. By optimizing all parameters of the proposed antenna, wideband impedance bandwidth of 56% (12.1 GHz - 21.65 GHz) is achieved. The average gain of the antenna throughout the bandwidth is 5.9 dB with good radiation properties in both E-plane and H-plane. A well matched simulation and experimental results show that the antenna is suitable for wideband applications

Genetic polymorphism of milk protein variants and their association studies with milk yield in Sahiwal cattle

The objective of this study was to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of genetic variants in five milk protein genes and estimate the effect of these variants on milk yield in Sahiwal cattle. Genotypes of five milk protein genes (alpha s1 casein, beta casein, kappa casein, alpha lactalbumin and beta lactoglobulin) were detected using SNaPshot genotyping method. All the five milk protein genes studied exhibited polymorphism with high allele frequencies of 0.51 for alpha s1casein C, 0.93 for beta casein A2, 0.92 for kappa casein A, 0.93 for alpha lactalbumin B and 0.91 for beta lactoglobulin B. Statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in kappa casein genotypes AA (AA) and AB (AC) that is, genotype AB had more milk yield in 1st lactation (422 kg) and 2nd lactation (612 kg), respectively. In conclusion, the AB genotype identified in kappa casein gene is associated with higher milk production therefore incorporation of AB and BB genotypes for kappa casein may help to improve the milk yield in Sahiwal cattle population of Pakistan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study involving frequency distribution of genetic variants and their effects on milk yield in Bos indicus Sahiwal cattle of Pakistan.Keywords: Genetic variant, milk protein genes, Sahiwal cattleAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13(4), pp. 555-565, 22 January, 201