The citizen's preferences for financing public health care: A Danish survey

The Danish public's willingness to forego private consumption in order to obtain improved health care services was investigated using conjoint analysis. The survey was undertaken in the year 1999. 1865 respondents participated in face-to-face interviews and were presented with pair wise choices of different future health care systems. Openness towards the introduction of user charges to a smaller degree demonstrated willingness to compromise relative equity in access to health care in order to avoid a tax increase. Willingness-to-pay for quality attributes lie in the range 780-2350 DKK ($89-$267) if paid by increasing maximum user charges, and in the 0-1220 DKK ($0-$139) bracket, when financed by increased income taxes

The contingent ranking method--a feasible and valid method when eliciting preferences for health care?

The Contingent Ranking Method--a feasible and valid method when eliciting preferences for health care? The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility and validity of the contingent ranking method, when eliciting preferences and measuring willingness to pay for health care. A measurement experiment based on ranking data is reported. Marginal willingness to pay for alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms that may be the outcome of a treatment with a novel anti-rheumatic agent, cA2 (now called TNF-[alpha] blockade) was calculated. The estimated marginal willingness to pay value was 650 DKK ($93). With regard to the health status variables and income variable the signs of the coefficients were, as expected, positive. The contingent ranking method is a feasible and valid method for eliciting preferences and determining willingness to pay estimates.Contingent ranking method Conjoint analysis Willingness to pay TNF-[alpha] blockade

An indirect treatment comparison of the efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) and insulin glargine/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin

<p><b>Aims:</b> To obtain estimates of the relative treatment effects between insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) and insulin glargine U100/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) uncontrolled on basal insulin therapy.</p> <p><b>Materials and methods:</b> Data from phase 3 trials providing evidence for estimating the relative efficacy and safety of IDegLira vs iGlarLixi in patients uncontrolled on basal insulin-only regimens were used in this analysis. Outcomes of interest were changes in HbA_1c, body weight and insulin dose, and rate ratio of hypoglycemia. The indirect comparison of the reported trial findings followed the principles of Bucher et al.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> IDegLira was estimated to provide a 0.44 [95% CI = 0.17–0.71] %-point reduction in HbA_1c compared with iGlarLixi. Body weight was reduced by 1.42 [95% CI = 0.35–2.50] kg with IDegLira compared with iGlarLixi. Insulin dose was comparable between the two interventions. The rate of severe or blood glucose-confirmed (self-measured plasma glucose [SMPG] ≤ 3.1 mmol/L) hypoglycemia with IDegLira was approximately half that of iGlarLixi (rate ratio = 0.51 [95% CI = 0.29–0.90]). However, using the American Diabetes Association definition of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (SMPG ≤3.9 mmol/L) the rate was comparable between the two treatments (rate ratio = 1.07 [95% CI = 0.90–1.28]).</p> <p><b>Limitations:</b> The assumptions made in the indirect comparison and differences between the included trials in baseline HbA_1c levels, previous use of sulfonylureas, definitions of hypoglycemia, presence or absence of run-in period, the different duration of the trials, and the cross-over design of one of the trials.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The results of this indirect treatment comparison demonstrate that, among patients with T2DM uncontrolled on basal insulin, treatment with IDegLira results in a greater reduction of HbA_1c and a greater reduction in body weight compared with iGlarLixi at similar insulin doses.</p

Welfare Dualism in Two Scandinavian Welfare States: Public Opinion and Party Politics

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