Plan de comercialización de aguacates San Carlos

Dentro de este proyecto se trabajó con la investigación de oportunidades de negocio para una huerta de aguacate que inició esta nueva administración. En el proyecto se evaluaron diversas opciones de comercialización nacional a través de diversos canales con la finalidad de compartir con la empresa diversos escenarios dependiendo de la capacidad de producción que tenga la huerta una vez que se tenga la primera cosecha. De igual forma se investigaron diversos usos y procesos que se pueden realizar con el aguacate con el fin de buscar la diversificación del producto y poder satisfacer otros mercados. El plan a largo plazo es la exportación del aguacate una vez que la empresa cuente con más experiencia operativa y el capital necesario para así aprovechar la creciente demanda del producto alrededor del mundo.ITESO, A.C

Propuesta de un plan de negocios para el funcionamiento de un coworking space en la ciudad de Ahuachapán, Departamento de Ahuachapán

El presente trabajo de graduación realizado se centra en la propuesta de un plan de negocio para el funcionamiento de un coworking space en la ciudad de Ahuachapán en el Departamento de Ahuachapán. Teniendo como objetivo general determinar la factibilidad de analizar la creación y funcionamiento de un coworking space en dicha ciuda

Similaridad del nicho ecológico de Pinus montezumae y P. pseudostrobus (Pinaceae) en México: implicaciones para la selección de áreas productoras de semillas y de conservación

Background and Aims: Ecological niche models have been used to understand how species can change or persist in an environmental and geographical space over time. The aims of the study were i) to model the ecological niche of Pinus montezumae and Pinus pseudostrobus in Mexico, ii) to evaluate and compare the similarity and equivalence of niche suitability between the distribution areas of both species, and iii) to propose potential geographic zones for the delimitation of seed-producing and conservation areas for each species.Methods: We used geographical data on distribution of species and climatic, topographic, elevation and soil data as environmental predictors, which were modeled based on the Maximum Entropy algorithm. The parameters of similarity (I) and equivalence (D) were estimated to know the degree of overlap of the niche of the species. For the selection of seed areas, environmental data were used that defined the distribution of each species and dasometrics of the National Forest and Soil Inventory (INFyS).Key results: The models show that the two species have similar areas of high suitability, distributed in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Sierra Madre del Sur. The highest contribution to the models for Pinus pseudostrobus were the variables average annual temperature (41.3%) and total annual rainfall (14.3%), whereas the soil (31.1%) and altitude (29%) were determinants in P. montezumae. The niche overlap analysis indicates that the observed value of equivalence (D=0.430) is less than the similarity value (I=0.610), suggesting that the species have a similar niche but that this is not equivalent, which could be in the process of diversification.Conclusions: The suitability of the ecological niche is similar for the two pine species, but it is not equivalent as they present differential environmental variables. These results have implications for the selection of potential areas for seed production and conservation of each species.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los modelos de nicho ecológico se han usado para entender de qué manera las especies pueden cambiar o persistir en un espacio ambiental y geográfico a lo largo del tiempo. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron i) modelar el nicho ecológico de P. montezumae y P. pseudostrobus en México, ii) evaluar y comparar la similaridad y equivalencia de la idoneidad del nicho entre las áreas de distribución de las dos especies, y iii) proponer zonas geográficas potenciales para la delimitación de áreas productoras de semillas y conservación para cada especie.Métodos: Se usaron datos geográficos para predecir la distribución de especies y climáticos topográficos y edáficos como predictores ambientales, fueron modelados con base en el algoritmo de Máxima Entropía. Se estimaron parámetros de similaridad (I) y equivalencia (D) para conocer el grado de traslape del nicho. Para la selección de áreas semilleras se usaron los datos ambientales que definieron la distribución de cada especie y dasométricos del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (INFyS).Resultados clave: Los modelos muestran que las dos especies presentan zonas muy similares de alta idoneidad, distribuidas en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana y en la Sierra Madre del Sur. Las mayores contribuciones al modelo de Pinus pseudostrobus fueron las variables temperatura promedio anual (41.3%) y precipitación total anual (14.3%), mientras que el suelo (31.1%) y la altitud (29%) fueron determinantes para el modelo de P. montezumae. El traslape de nicho presenta un valor observado de equivalencia (D=0.430) menor al de similaridad (I=0.610), sugiriendo que las especies tienen un nicho similar, pero que este no es equivalente en su totalidad, el cual podría estar en proceso de diversificación.Conclusiones: La idoneidad del nicho ecológico es similar para las dos especies de pino, pero no es equivalente al presentar variables ambientales diferenciales. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones para la selección potencial de áreas productoras de semillas y conservación para cada especie

Entamoeba histolytica Calreticulin Induces the Expression of Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated From Patients With Amebic Liver Abscess

Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that plays important roles in the regulation of key cellular functions. Little is known about the participation of E. histolytica CRT (EhCRT) in the processes of pathogenicity or in the modulation of the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CRT in the proliferation and the cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with amebic liver abscess (ALA) during the acute phase (AP-ALA) of the disease compared to patients during the resolution phase (R-ALA). The PBMCs from each participant were cocultured with EhCRT and tested by the colorimetric method to evaluate their proliferation index (PI). The supernatants were subjected to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the concentration of cytokines. The mean values of all groups were compared using the independent t-test. When the PIs of individuals without diagnosis of liver abscess (NEG) were compared, there were no statistically significant differences in the proliferation of PBMCs between patients with AP-ALA and R-ALA when stimulated with EhCRT or concanavalin A (ConA). However, the levels of interleukins [IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)] were higher in patients with AP-ALA, whereas in patients with R-ALA, higher levels of interferon gamma (IFNγ) were detected. These results suggest that EhCRT acts as a mitogen very similar to the activity of ConA. In addition, EhCRT is an excellent immunogen for the specific activation of PBMCs, inducing the differential expression of ILs depending on the outcome of disease, determining the type of immune response: a Th2 cytokine profile during the acute phase and a Th1 profile during the resolution phase

Productividad de ovejas Pelibuey y Katahdin en el trópico húmedo

The objective of the study was to evaluate productivity variables in the preweaning period of Pelibuey (n = 28) and Katahdin (n = 21) ewes kept under humid tropic production conditions. The ewes were placed together with their offspring in individual pens from lambing to weaning. Preweaning dry matter consumption (DMC) and weaning productivity did not differ (p > 0.05) between breeds, but the Pelibuey ewes had greater (p 0.05) entre razas, pero las ovejas Pelibuey tuvieron mayor (p < 0.05) pérdida de peso que las ovejas Katahdin (-3.01 vs 0.76 kg). Las ovejas de parto doble presentaron mayor (p < 0.05) pérdida de peso (0.46 kg vs. -2.70 kg), CMS pre-destete (1.91 vs 2.17 kg día-1) y productividad al destete. La productividad al destete de las ovejas Pelibuey y Katahdin es similar bajo las condiciones de trópico húmedo, aunque las ovejas Pelibuey perdieron mas peso. El número de corderos al parto mejoró la productividad en las ovejas Pelibuey y Katahdin

Fungicide Effect on Glomus Intrarradices in Different Genotypes of Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), OAT (Avena Sativa L.), and Wheat (Triticum Aaestivum L.) Growth Cultivated in Two Soil Types under Greenhouse Conditions

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of fungicides on the association with Glomus intraradices and soil contamination on three genotypes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one of oat (Avena sativa L.), and another one of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The study was done under greenhouse conditions at the Montecillo Campus of the Postgraduate College, Mexico. Two soils were used, one irrigated with sewage water and the other one with clean water from a well. Half of the plants were inoculated with Glomus intraradices. Metacaptan was used as a fungicide applied to half of the seeds. The pH of the soil was alkaline. Electric conductivity, and organic matter, nitric and ammoniac nitrogen, phosphorous, copper and nickel quantities were higher on the soils irrigated with sewage water. The soil contamination did not affect significantly plant responses in this study. It is concluded that endomycorrhiza inoculation (Glomus intraradices) gave better growth and yield, especially in beans. The application of fungicides improved plant growth