Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Lisan dan Hasil Belajar Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung Menggunakan Model Disco

Penelitian ini  adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi lisan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran disco. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di  SMP Negeri 4 Kaubun  Tahun  Pembelajaran 2018/2019 dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas IXA dan obyek penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran menggunakan model disco yang dilaksanakan dalam enam kali pertemuan pembelajaran, terbagi dalam tiga siklus, yaitu siklus I dua kali, siklus II, dua kali pertemuan dan siklus III dua kali pertemuan. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi keterampilan komunikasi lisan, format penilaian, soal dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi lisan dari 3% siswa yang berkomunikasi lisan kurang baik pada siklus I menjadi 0% siswa pada siklus III dan 67% siswa yang dapat berkomunikasi lisan dengan baik pada siklus I menjadi 3% pada siklus III,  serta 22% siswa yang berkomunikasi lisan sangat baik pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 97% pada siklus III atau meningkat 75%. Sementara itu nilai hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan bahwa 70% siswa mengalami peningkatan nilai  yang sedang dan 30% siswa mengalami peningkatan nilai yang tinggi

Orbital tomographic investigations of organic molecular films and their interfaces

In dieser Arbeit präsentiere ich eine Untersuchung an ultradünnen Filmen der thermisch verdampften organischen Moleküle Pentacen (5A), Sexiphenyl, Pentaphenyl und PTCDA, von Submonolagen zu Bilagen auf Cu(110) und Ag(110) Substraten im Ultrahochvakuum. Hauptsächlich angewandt wurde dabei eine Methode welche als “Orbital Tomografie” bezeichnet wird. Dabei wird die Verteilung der Fotoelektronen im gesamten Impulsraum mittels Winkelaufgelöster Ultraviolett Fotoelektronenspektroskopie gemessen und mit Simulationen verglichen. Diesen liegt Fermis Goldene Regel zugrunde, wobei der Endzustand des Fotoelektrons als ebene Welle angenommen wurde wodurch sich die Auswertung auf die Berechnung der Fourier Transformierten (FT) des Anfangszustandes, d.h. des jeweiligen Molekülorbitals, reduziert. Diese Methode erlaubte es die Grenzschicht zwischen organischen Material und inorganischen Substrat, Heterostrukturen sowie das Verhalten unter Zugabe des Alkali Metalls Cesium (Cs) zu studieren. Heterostrukturen wurden zwischen jeweils zwei Molekülspezien gewachsen wobei eine Monolage eines Materials auf eine bestehende Monolage aufgedampft wurde. Oft verdrängte die zusätzlich aufgebrachte Monolage die bestehende Grenzschicht und die Molekül-Substrat Bindungsstärke pro Flächeneinheit wurde als der dafür entscheidende Faktor bestimmt. Alle Systeme welche Cs ausgesetzt wurden zeigten Ladungstransfer von Cs zu den Molekülen wobei der Ablauf jedoch für die Molekülspezies spezifisch ist was auf die unterschiedlichen Elektronen Affinitäten zurückgeführt wurde. Für die 5A Monolage auf Ag(110) konnten die Molekülorbitale mittels der experimentellen Daten rekonstruiert werden, in guter Übereinstimmung mit Simulationen für das isolierte Molekül was für die 5A Monolage auf Cu(110), aufgrund einer Substrat induzierten Dispersion, nicht möglich ist. Es konnte jedoch gezeigt werden das die FT des ausgedehnten 2 dimensionalen Systems verwendet werden können.Here an orbital tomography study of organic semiconductor ultrathin films is presented. The aim of the work is not only to gain understanding of the geometric and electronic structure of organic films and their interfaces but also valence band photoemission in general. Orbital tomography (OT) takes a holistic view of the photoemission distribution from the orbitals assuming a simple plane wave approximation for the final state. The angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) is thus essentially the momentum space view of the initial state orbitals. The investigations concerned the molecules pentacene (5A), sexiphenyl, pentaphenyl and PTCDA in pristine films, heterostructures and on Cs doping.The power of OT to yield both, geometric and electronic information is perhaps best demonstrated here by the recovery of the real space orbitals of 5A adsorbed on Ag(110) in agreement with the theoretical orbitals of the isolated molecule. In contrast for 5A on Cu(110) substrate induced intermolecular dispersion means the isolated molecules orbitals are no longer appropriate, nevertheless, it is shown that the extended 2-dimensional systems wavefunctions can be applied in an analogous manner to understand the observed ARUPS. Moreover, for the first time, OT is shown to reveal a significant real space modification of a molecular orbital on hybridization.The ability of OT to definitively identify orbital emissions is very useful for mixed structures. For instance it allowed layer inversion to be observed for a number of heterostructure systems. The displacement of one molecule by another at the interface is argued to be governed by the relative molecule substrate bond strength per unit area rather than by the total bond strength of the molecule to the substrate. When exposed to Cs all systems revealed charge transfer from Cs to the molecule however the way this proceeds is different and was concluded to depend on the electron affinity of the respective molecule.submitted by Thomas UlesZsfassung in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Diss., 2015OeBB(VLID)36177

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pecahan Senilai Siswa Menggunakan Permainan Domino Pecahan Kelas VII SMPN 4 Kaubun

Penelitian ini  dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pecahan senilai dengan menggunakan permainan domino pecahan yang dilaksanakan pada tahun  2014 di  SMP Negeri 4 Kaubun.  Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIIA sebanyank 20 siswa dengan menggunakan permainan domino pecahan sebagai obyek penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang terbagi dalam enam kali pertemuan dengan rincian siklus pertama tiga kali pertemuan, dan siklus kedua dengan tiga kali pertemuan. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah bagan pertandingan, lembar pengamatan permainan domino, lembar soal dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai minimum pada siklus pertama 50 meningkat menjadi 70 pada siklus kedua, nilai maksimum pada siklus pertama 80 meningkat menjadi 100 pada siklus kedua, nilai rata-rata sebesar 70,5 pada siklus pertama meningkat menjadi 88,5 pada siklus kedua. Sementara itu pada nilai N-Gain diketahui bahwa peningkatan sedang terjadi pada 70% siswa dan peningkatan tinggi terjadi pada 30% siswa

Finger Contact Area Analysis with Convolutional Neural Networks

The detection of the contact area formed between a human finger and a counter surface is of great interest because it is the key parameter for various interaction parameters. Adhesional friction forces and the thermal contact conductance critically depend on the contact area, further influencing the tactile sensation of stickiness and warmth. The contact area is also of concern regarding safety issues. Injuries caused by objects slipping out of our hands might be prevented by optimizing the contact area and the concomitant grip through appropriate surface structures and material choice. Until now the contact area is mainly studied on smooth and transparent materials. The contact area is recorded optically and rule-based image processing methods can be used for detection. These methods might be insufficient for rough surfaces where the contact area is optically unclear due to light scattering. In this paper we demonstrate the successful analysis of such optically unclear contact area images via convolutional neural networks to identify the fingerprint ridges in contact with structured surfaces. The proposed method relies on the generation of synthetic contact images that provide the pixelwise ground truth for the efficient training of a segmentation pipeline based on convolutional neural networks

Introduction of a New In-Situ Measurement System for the Study of Touch-Feel Relevant Surface Properties

The touch-feel sensation of product surfaces arouses growing interest in various industry branches. To entangle the underlying physical and material parameters responsible for a specific touch-feel sensation, a new measurement system has been developed. This system aims to record the prime physical interaction parameters at a time, which is considered a necessary prerequisite for a successful physical description of the haptic sensation. The measurement setup enables one to measure the dynamic coefficient of friction, the macroscopic contact area of smooth and rough surfaces, the angle enclosed between the human finger and the soft-touch surfaces and the vibrations induced in the human finger during relative motion at a time. To validate the measurement stand, a test series has been conducted on two soft-touch surfaces of different roughness. While the individual results agree well with the literature, their combination revealed new insights. Finally, the investigation of the haptics of polymer coatings with the presented measuring system should facilitate the design of surfaces with tailor-made touch-feel properties

Orbital tomography: Deconvoluting photoemission spectra of organic molecules

We study the interface of an organic monolayer with a metallic surface, i.e., PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride) on Ag(110), by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and ab initio electronic structure calculations. We present a tomographic method that uses the energy and momentum dependence of ARPES data to deconvolute spectra into individual orbital contributions beyond the limits of energy resolution. This provides an orbital-by-orbital characterization of large adsorbate systems without the need to invoke a sophisticated theory of photoemission, allowing us to directly estimate the effects of bonding on individual orbitals. Moreover, these experimental data serve as a most stringent test necessary for the further development of ab initio electronic structure theory

Photopatternable Epoxy-Based Thermosets

The present work provides a comparative study on the photopatterning of epoxy-based thermosets as a function of network structure and network mobility. Local switching of solubility properties by light of a defined wavelength is achieved by exploiting versatile o-nitrobenzyl ester (o-NBE) chemistry. o-NBE derivatives with terminal epoxy groups are synthetized and thermally cured with different types of cycloaliphatic anhydrides via nucleophilic ring opening reaction. By varying the structure of the anhydride, glass transition temperature (Tg) and surface hardness are adjusted over a broad range. Once the network has been formed, the photolysis of the o-NBE groups enables a well-defined degradation of the 3D network. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy studies demonstrate that cleavage rate and cleavage yield increase with rising mobility of the network, which is either facilitated by inherent network properties (Tg below room temperature) or a simultaneous heating of the thermosets above their Tg. The formation of soluble species is evidenced by sol-gel analysis, revealing that low-Tg networks are prone to secondary photoreactions at higher exposure doses, which lead to a re-crosslinking of the cleaved polymer chains. The change in solubility properties is exploited to inscribe positive tone micropatterns within the thermosets by photolithographic techniques. Contrast curves show that the resist performance of rigid networks is superior to flexible ones, with a contrast of 1.17 and a resolution of 8 µm

Modification of the PTCDA-Ag bond by forming a heteromolecular bilayer film

The understanding of the fundamental physical properties of metal-organic and organic-organic interfaces is crucial for improving the performance of organic electronic devices. This is particularly true for (multilayer) systems containing several molecular species due to their relevance for donor-acceptor systems. A prototypical heteromolecular bilayer system is copper-II-phthalocyanine (CuPc) on 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetra-carboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) on Ag(111). In an earlier work we have reported a commensurate registry between both organic layers and an enhanced charge transfer from the Ag substrate into the organic bilayer film [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 106103 (2012)], which both indicate an unexpectedly strong intermolecular interaction across the organic-organic interface. Here we present new details regarding electronic and geometric structure for the same system. In particular, we provide evidence that the enhanced charge transfer from the substrate into the organic bilayer does not involve CuPc electronic states, hence, there is no significant charge transfer into the second organic layer. Furthermore, we report vertical bonding distances revealing a shortening of the PTCDA-Ag(111) distance upon CuPc adsorption. Thus, electronic and geometric properties (charge transfer and bonding distance, respectively) both indicate a strengthening of the PTCDA-Ag(111) bond upon CuPc adsorption. We explain these findings—in particular the correlation between CuPc adsorption and increased charge transfer into PTCDA—in a model involving an intermolecular screening mechanism