State apologies, postcolonial resistance and ontological insecurity : the Matabeleland massacre

Open Access via T&F Agreement Funding Information: An early version of this article was presented at the Virtual Workshop on Political Apologies for Historical Wrongs organised by Tom Bentley of the University of Aberdeen. I thank the participants for their helpful questions and feedback. I thank the Third World Quarterly anonymous reviewers and Tom Bentley for their valuable comments, which significantly improved this article.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Effect Of Bay (Laurus Nobilis) Essential Oil On Physicochemical Properties Of Alaska Pollock (Theragra Chalgoramma) Surimi Nutrified With Salmon And Flaxseed Oils Under Refrigerated Storage

Surimi seafood products are widely accepted and consumed in the U.S. and other parts of the world. In recent time, there has been increased demand for surimi seafood products nutrified with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a result of their reported health benefits, but this may have a negative effect on the storage time of the product due to lipid oxidation of fatty acids (FA). Bay (Laurus nobilis) essential oil (BEO) which has demonstrated antioxidant properties was incorporated to the surimi seafood to reduce lipid oxidation thereby extending storage time. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the physicochemical properties (proximate composition, pH, water activity, texture and color) and (2) determine the fatty acid profile (FAP) and oxidation rate of surimi seafood nutrified with ω-3 PUFA-rich oils from flaxseed and salmon and stabilized with BEO during storage time. Alaska pollock surimi gels were formulated at 78% moisture by ice addition. ω-3 oils were added at 5% by replacing ice at 1:1 along with 0 (control), 0.5, 1% BEO, followed by cooking (900C for 30min) in hotdog casings, vacuum packed and stored at 40C for 6 days. Texture properties of surimi gels were determined by Kramer shear and texture profile analysis. Color values were measured with L*a*b*. FAP was determined with gas chromatography, lipid oxidation with TBARS. Analysis of variances was performed using two-way ANOVA (SAS, version 16.0). Proximate analyses (ash, moisture, protein, and total fat) showed differences (P\u3c0.05) in moisture and fat between the treatments containing ω-3 rich oils stabilized with BEO and the control. Whiteness of surimi gels increased significantly with the addition of BEO between treatments and storage time. Lipid oxidation significantly decreased over storage time for treatments with 1% BEO. Addition of BEO and ω-3 rich oils had no detrimental effect on the texture of surimi gels. Significant difference (P\u3c0.05) was observed between the FA content of surimi gels treated with flaxseed, and salmon oils and the control. These results suggest that the incorporation of BEO may allow food manufacturers to nutrify surimi seafood with beneficial ω-3 rich oils without affecting product quality while extending storage time

Facilitators and Barriers to Effective Scale-up of Evidence-Based Nonprofit-Level HIV Prevention and Treatment Interventions Among Black Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)

Since the scale-up of HIV/AIDS prevention evidence-based interventions (EBIs) has not been simple in nonprofit settings, it is crucial to examine processes that occur in the translation of the EBIs into practice that affect successful implementation through the lens of nonprofit principles and practices. This paper examines the facilitators and barriers to effective scale-up of evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment services for nonprofit health organizations that serve Black men who have sex with men (MSM). I interviewed nonprofit health organizations (n = 4) engaged in the global response to end the HIV epidemic, specifically those who provide HIV prevention and treatment services for Black MSM between the ages of 18 and 50. The expert interviews assessed facilitators and barriers to HIV prevention and the perceived importance of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Black community as a public health threat by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goal. Based on the findings, I advocate and recommend creating a new model for an improved nonprofit structure that supports partnership, learning collaboratives, and best practices and research for Black MSM

Effect Of Bay (Laurus Nobilis) Essential Oil On Physicochemical Properties Of Alaska Pollock (Theragra Chalgoramma) Surimi Nutrified With Salmon And Flaxseed Oils Under Refrigerated Storage

Surimi seafood products are widely accepted and consumed in the U.S. and other parts of the world. In recent time, there has been increased demand for surimi seafood products nutrified with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a result of their reported health benefits, but this may have a negative effect on the storage time of the product due to lipid oxidation of fatty acids (FA). Bay (Laurus nobilis) essential oil (BEO) which has demonstrated antioxidant properties was incorporated to the surimi seafood to reduce lipid oxidation thereby extending storage time. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the physicochemical properties (proximate composition, pH, water activity, texture and color) and (2) determine the fatty acid profile (FAP) and oxidation rate of surimi seafood nutrified with ω-3 PUFA-rich oils from flaxseed and salmon and stabilized with BEO during storage time. Alaska pollock surimi gels were formulated at 78% moisture by ice addition. ω-3 oils were added at 5% by replacing ice at 1:1 along with 0 (control), 0.5, 1% BEO, followed by cooking (900C for 30min) in hotdog casings, vacuum packed and stored at 40C for 6 days. Texture properties of surimi gels were determined by Kramer shear and texture profile analysis. Color values were measured with L*a*b*. FAP was determined with gas chromatography, lipid oxidation with TBARS. Analysis of variances was performed using two-way ANOVA (SAS, version 16.0). Proximate analyses (ash, moisture, protein, and total fat) showed differences (P\u3c0.05) in moisture and fat between the treatments containing ω-3 rich oils stabilized with BEO and the control. Whiteness of surimi gels increased significantly with the addition of BEO between treatments and storage time. Lipid oxidation significantly decreased over storage time for treatments with 1% BEO. Addition of BEO and ω-3 rich oils had no detrimental effect on the texture of surimi gels. Significant difference (P\u3c0.05) was observed between the FA content of surimi gels treated with flaxseed, and salmon oils and the control. These results suggest that the incorporation of BEO may allow food manufacturers to nutrify surimi seafood with beneficial ω-3 rich oils without affecting product quality while extending storage time

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation by Alcanivorax Spp. Dominant Microbial Community from Beach Sediments: Implications for Bioremediation of Oil Polluted Marine Environment

Biodegradation of crude oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Alcanivorax Spp. dominant microbial community isolated from beach sediments in a site around St Mary’s Lighthouse near Whitley Bay, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom with geo-reference: N 550 04 ' 18'', W 010 26 ' 59'' was investigated. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) studied were naphthalene, C1-C3 naphthalenes, fluorene, phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in the determination of the PAHs. Obtained results indicate that the microbial community degraded naphthalene, C1- naphthalene, C2-naphthalene and C3- naphthalene at 60, 72 , 90 and 42% biodegradation respectively whereas the three fused rings, fluorene, phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene were degraded at 23, 9 and 9% biodegradation respectively. However, it is not quite clear which bacterial genera was responsible for the biodegradation of the PAHs as we have not provided any evidence that Alcanivorax Spp. was solely responsible for the degradation of the PAHs. Keywords: Alcanivorax Spp; Microbial community; Biodegradation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Crude oil

Newspaper Coverage of Nigeria Police Activities: A Content Analysis

This study is a content analysis of newspaper coverage of police activities in Nigeria from January to March, 2012. Three national dailies (the Nation, the Punch and Daily Sun) were studied. Among the specific objectives were to determine the volume of coverage of the activities of Nigeria Police by selected newspapers, the story types in which police activities are presented in the newspapers and direction of stories by the selected newspapers on the activities of Nigeria Police. The research is structured on agenda –setting theory. Population of study is 273, while the sample is 162 within a period of36 days. It was found out that the police activities during the period of study were presented mostly as straight news and the direction of stories were mostly negative. The study recommended, among others, that newspapers should give in-depth coverage of police activities in Nigeria and that positive aspect of police activities should also be given attention in the media

Potency and Implications of Bacteria Growth, H2S and FeS Production in Microbially Induced Corrosion of Oil Pipelines using Selected Biocides

In this study, the potency and implications of bacteria growth, H2S and FeS production in microbially induced corrosion of oil pipelines were done using 5 biocides. Hydrogenase test was carried out and used to detect the presence of micro-organism that causes corrosion in the pipeline samples. The biocides were then compared to ascertain how efficiently they can curb the proliferation of bacteria in experimental set-up filled with a bacterial cultured agar using anaerobic medium. Generally, it was found that there use led to reduction in bacteria growth, less and less of iron sulfide and hydrogen sulfide as the concentration and duration of experimentation increases. Specifically, it was found that while cow urine and biaguanide terminate their iron sulfide production after 5th and 6th week, respectively, others continue throughout the 13 week experimentation period. Similarly, cow urine and biaguanide terminate their hydrogen sulfide production after 3rd and 5th, respectively, others continued throughout. Altogether, 10 exponential trendline equations were formulated for iron sulfide and hydrogen sulfide production. R2 goodness-of-fit statistical technique was employed in the analysis for future predictions from the model and the values obtained in each case is close to 1 which indicates a good measure that future outcomes are very likely to be predicted well by the developed equations. Keywords: Biocides, Microbial Corrosion, Hydrogen Sulphide, Iron Sulphide, Bacteria Growt

Effects of Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness during End Milling of Aluminium under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)

In this study an experimental investigation of effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness during end milling of aluminium 6061 under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) condition was carried out. The experiments were carried out to investigate surface quality of the machined parameters and to developed mathematical models using least square techniques. Spindle speed (N), feed rate (f), axial depth of cut (a) and radial depth of cut (r) has been chosen as input variables in order to predict surface roughness. The experiment was designed by using central composite design (CCD) in which 30 samples were run in a CNC milling machine. Each of the experimental result was measured using Mitutoyo surface tester. After the predicted surface roughness values have been obtained the average percentage errors were calculated. The mathematical model developed by using least square method shows accuracy of 89.5% which is reasonably reliable for surface roughness prediction. With the obtained optimum input parameters for surface roughness, production operations will be enhanced

Analysis of Online Reactions to the Proscription of IPOB as Terrorist Organization

The classification of the Indigenous People of Biafra IPOB as a terrorist organisation has been condemned by those who felt government went overboard The voice of these individuals and groups are so strident that it seemingly drowned the support accorded the proscription by those who believe that IPOB deserved to be so labelled These divergent positions of newsmakers were examined since as opinion moulders they greatly influence the thinking of the populace towards any particular subject The analysis was done within the framework of the democratic participant theory which posits that input of the people in public policy and decisions should matter Using Google filters the researcher x-rayed a sample of the reactions of newsmakers published online as news to answer four research questions yielding among other things that government s designation of IPOB as terrorist organization was not popular especially as a much more violent group Fulani militia recognized abroad as terrorist organization was not so classified locally Therefore this paper called on the authorities to be even handed when dealing with criminal groups irrespective of the part of Nigeria they come from and advocates that government should give every segment of society a sense of belongin

Poverty in the Human Rights Jurisprudence of the Nigerian Appellate Courts (1999-2011)

The major objective of this article is to examine the extent to which the human rights jurisprudence of the Nigerian appellate courts has been sensitive and/or receptive to the socio-economic and political claims of Nigeria’s large population of the poor and marginalized. In particular, the article considers: the extent to which Nigerian human rights jurisprudence has either facilitated or hindered the efforts of the poor to ameliorate their own poverty; the kinds of conceptual apparatuses and analyses utilized by the Nigerian courts in examining the issues brought before it that concerned the specific conditions of the poor; and the key biases that are embedded in and shape Nigeria’s jurisprudential orientation. The line of cases analysed in the article indicate that the Nigerian appellate courts, as elsewhere, possess great capacity, for good or ill, to impact public policy in the field of poverty reduction