Salariés du public, salariés du privé face aux changements

International audienceSecteurs public et privé sont souvent opposés l'un à l'autre, donnant lieu à des controverses où chacun prend l'autre comme exemple à ne pas suivre. Pourtant, ils sont travaillés par d'importants changements depuis plusieurs décennies. L'intention de cet ouvrage est d'abord d'en rendre compte. Technologies, organisation, gestion, tout change dans les deux secteurs et beaucoup plus de points communs existent qu'on ne l'imagine. L'ouvrage vise ensuite à analyser les dynamiques de changement propres à chaque secteur. Approches statistiques et études de terrain sont mobilisées conjointement de façon à faire dialoguer leurs résultats. L'éclairage est résolument pluri-disciplinaire, autour de l'économie et de la sociologie. L'ouvrage montre que, dans aucun des deux secteurs, on ne change sans coûts ni tension. Pour les salariés, il est d'abord question de la façon dont ils peuvent réorganiser leur activité en préservant leur identité professionnelle et y trouver des sources de satisfaction

Success to reach 3cm of dilation with a Dinoprostone Vaginal Insert in primiparous women with a previous cesarean section versus nulliparous: A retrospective case-control study

International audienc

Serum S100B Determination in the Management of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

International audienceThe place of serum S100B measurement in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management is still controversial. Our prospective study aimed to evaluate its utility in the largest child cohort described to date

The long-term effects of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer on microcirculation : a cross-sectional study 15 years after retirement

OBJECTIVES: To assess residual long-term microcirculation abnormalities by capillaroscopy, 15 years after retiring from occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Allier, one of the major areas of polyvinyl chloride production in France. PARTICIPANTS: We screened 761 (97% men) retired workers exposed to chemical toxics. Exposure to chemicals other than VCM excluded potential participants. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: These participants underwent a medical examination including a capillaroscopy, symptoms of Raynaud and comorbidities, as well as a survey to determine exposure time, direct or indirect contact, type of occupation, smoking status and time after exposure. A double blind analysis of capillaroscopic images was carried out. A control group was matched in age, sex, type of occupation. RESULTS: 179/761 retired workers were only exposed to VCM at their work, with 21 meeting the inclusion criteria and included. Exposure time was 29.8±1.9 years and time after exposure was 15.9±2.4 years. Retired workers previously exposed to VCM had significantly higher capillaroscopic modifications than the 35 controls: enlarged capillaries (19% vs 0%, p<0.001), dystrophy (28.6% vs 0%, p=0.0012) and augmented length (33% vs 0%, p<0.001). Time exposure was linked (p<0.001) with enlarged capillaries (R(2)=0.63), dystrophy (R(2)=0.51) and capillary length (R(2)=0.36). They also had higher symptoms of Raynaud (19% vs 0%, p=0.007) without correlation with capillaroscopic modifications. CONCLUSIONS: Although VCM exposure was already known to affect microcirculation, our study demonstrates residual long-term abnormalities following an average of 15 years’ retirement, with a time-related exposure response. Symptoms of Raynaud, although statistically associated with exposure, were not related to capillaroscopic modifications; its origin remains to be determined

Ectopic pregnancy is again on the increase. Recent trends in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies in France (1992-2002).

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the recent incidence trends of ectopic pregnancies (EP) in France (1992-2002). METHODS: A population-based register of all women aged 15-44 years with EP was set up in Auvergne (central France). We calculated rates of EP as a 'reproductive failure' or as a 'contraceptive failure', frequencies of exposure to the two main risk factors for EP (cigarette smoking and chlamydial infection) and contraceptive methods between 1992 and 2002. RESULTS: The overall EP rate decreased by 2%, from 96.4 per 100 000 women aged 15-44 in 1992 to 95.3 per 100 000 in 2002. However, the rate of 'reproductive failure' EP increased by 17%, while the rate of 'contraceptive failure' EP, mostly intrauterine device failure, decreased by 29%. CONCLUSION: Appropriate analysis reveals that the rate of EP as reproductive failure is increasing again in France. This result is of interest for many European and North America countries where chlamydial infections or smoking or both are increasing in women of reproductive age. The rates of EP as contraceptive failure and of that as reproductive failure evolve differently in the population and should not be confused in epidemiological studies

Phosphorylcholine-carbohydrate-protein conjugates efficiently induce hapten-specific antibodies which recognize both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis: a potential multitarget vaccine against respiratory infections.

International audiencePhosphorylcholine (ChoP) is commonly expressed at the surface of pathogens of the respiratory tract, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. We designed a synthetic hapten comprising ChoP and part of its native carrier structure in S. pneumoniae, i.e. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). Protein conjugates of this hapten induced GalNAc-ChoP-specific antibodies which recognized ChoP on both S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis. GalNAc-ChoP could therefore lead to the rational design of a novel multipurpose vaccine against respiratory infections

Reference ranges for serum S100B protein during the first three years of life

International audienceClinical and diagnostic management of traumatic brain injuries is problematic in young children. To facilitate this management, we describe blood reference ranges for the well established biomarker S100B in children younger than 3 years

Occult maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke exposure

International audienceBackground: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a recognised air pollutant. Its harmful effects have been found to be implicated in health disorders, including unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. The discrepancy between self-reported emvironmental tobacco smoke exposure and cotinine levels in pregnant non-smokers in France was examined.Method: Plasma cotinine was determined by a CPG-SM method on women who had answered a self-questionnaire describing their habits and environment during pregnancy.Results: Of 698 pregnant women reported as non-smokers, 305 (43.7%) claimed not to be exposed to ETS, yet 196 of these (64.3%) had plasma cotinine levels above the limit of detection.Conclusion: Self-reported data on ETS exposure in pregnant women therefore underestimate actual exposure. However, cotinine assay cab rectify this misclassification. An accurate identification of this risk factore will help to change attitudes towards ETS and avert its adverse effects on mother and fetus