8 research outputs found
Plasma lipid profile, atherogenic and coronary risk indices in some residents of Abeokuta in south-western Nigeria
The incidence of chronic degenerative diseases like stroke and myocardial infarction in
African subpopulations is reported to be increasing. In view of the association between
dyslipidemia and these chronic degenerative diseases, we investigated some well-established
cardiovascular risk factors (plasma cholesterol and its fractions as high-density lipoprotein
(HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, adiposity and blood pressure) in 92
subjects (43 males and 49 females) in Abeokuta, Nigeria. LDL cholesterol was significantly
higher in the women compared with men (128.58mg/dl vs 108.73mg/dl; p = 0.028). Total
cholesterol, although slightly higher in women, was not significantly different from that of
men (155.71mg/dl vs 147.26mg/dl). HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly
different between the two sexes, although women tended to have lower HDL cholesterol
when compared with men. LDL/HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol were
significantly higher in women compared with men (4.20 vs 2.97; p = 0.004; 5.03 vs 4.06; p =
0.024, respectively). Systolic blood pressure was higher in men compared with women
(117.58 vs 104.84; p = 0.002). Results indicate that the association between cholesterol and
chronic degenerative diseases is continuous with no single cholesterol level separating those
who are at high risk from those who are not. Rather in defining cardiovascular risks in
African populations, the ratios LDL/HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol
should be considered. It might be appropriate at this time in Nigeria to consider physical
activity and pharmacological interventions in lowering blood lipids
Plasma lipid profile, atherogenic and coronary risk indices in some residents of Abeokuta in south-western Nigeria
The incidence of chronic degenerative diseases like stroke and
myocardial infarction in African subpopulations is reported to be
increasing. In view of the association between dyslipidemia and these
chronic degenerative diseases, we investigated some well-established
cardiovascular risk factors (plasma cholesterol and its fractions as
high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL),
triglyceride, adiposity and blood pressure) in 92 subjects (43 males
and 49 females) in Abeokuta, Nigeria. LDL cholesterol was significantly
higher in the women compared with men (128.58mg/dl vs 108.73mg/dl; p =
0.028). Total cholesterol, although slightly higher in women, was not
significantly different from that of men (155.71mg/dl vs 147.26mg/dl).
HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly different
between the two sexes, although women tended to have lower HDL
cholesterol when compared with men. LDL/HDL cholesterol and total
cholesterol/HDL cholesterol were significantly higher in women compared
with men (4.20 vs 2.97; p = 0.004; 5.03 vs 4.06; p = 0.024,
respectively). Systolic blood pressure was higher in men compared with
women (117.58 vs 104.84; p = 0.002). Results indicate that the
association between cholesterol and chronic degenerative diseases is
continuous with no single cholesterol level separating those who are at
high risk from those who are not. Rather in defining cardiovascular
risks in African populations, the ratios LDL/HDL cholesterol and total
cholesterol/HDL cholesterol should be considered. It might be
appropriate at this time in Nigeria to consider physical activity and
pharmacological interventions in lowering blood lipids
Anticarcinogenic effect of alpha-lipoic acid and <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> leaves against cypermethrin-induced genotoxicity in rats
Background: Cypermethrin (Cyp), a synthetic pyrethroid developed for agricultural and public health applications, has become harmful to the environment and mammalian life owing to indiscriminate use.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaves against Cyp-induced genotoxicity in rats using alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) as standard drug.
Method: Fifty-six male Wistar rats, assigned to eight groups of seven animals each, were treated orally for 28 days as follows - Group 1: only corn oil (Control); Group 2: 20 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of Cyp; Groups 3, 4 and 5: Cyp + 50 mg/kg b.wt of J. gossypifolia, Cyp + 100 mg/kg b.wt of J. gossypifolia and Cyp + 50 mg/kg b.wt of α-LA, respectively; Groups 6, 7 and 8: J. gossypifolia (50 mg/kg b.wt), J. gossypifolia (100 mg/kg b.wt) and α-LA (50 mg/kg b.wt), respectively. The P53 was assayed for using the plasma, while the micronucleus assay was carried out on the bone marrow.
Results: Results showed that exposure to Cyp significantly increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (86.70%) as well as p53 concentration in both the liver and plasma (200.00% and 125.53%) compared to the control. Co-administration with methanolic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves significantly reversed these alterations in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves has the potential to ameliorate Cyp-induced genotoxicity in rats, and also, the toxicological evaluations of the plant extract and α-LA showed that it is relatively safe for use at the doses investigated
Effects of Strophanthus hispidus DC. (Apocynaceae) aqueous root extract on antioxidant status in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Strophanthus hispidus is a multipurpose medicinal plant which has been reported to have diverse medicinal uses in the treatment of sexual diseases, malaria, dysentery, stroke, heart failure, gonorrhea, arthritis, diabetes, snake bites, constipation, inflammatory, rheumatism and ulcers. This study investigated the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Strophanthus hispidus aqueous root extract, using the activities of superoxide dismutase, total peroxidases, gamma glutamyl transferase, glutathione - S- transferase , glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, as well as the concentrations of glucose, glutathione, vitamin C, nitric oxide, total thiols and malondialdehyde as indices. Forty rats were divided into five (A, B, C, D and E) Groups. Group A served as control, Group B were streptozotocin – induced diabetes mellitus untreated rats, Group C were streptozotocin – induced diabetes mellitus rats treated with 600μg/ kg body weight of glibenclamide, Group D and E were streptozotocin – induced diabetes mellitus rats treated with 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively for fourteen consecutive days. The concentrations of blood glucose, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were significantly (p< 0.05) decreased in all the Groups that received the different doses of extract as compared with the negative control Group (Group B). In conclusion, Strophanthus hispidus aqueous root extract exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidant functions.Keywords: Strophanthus hispidus, diabetes, rats, antioxidan
Vitamins C and E attenuate lipid dystrophy in tissues of rats administered aluminium
To investigate the effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in the deviation of tissue lipid profiles and ways to reduce its effect using antioxidant vitamins C and E, thirty-six male albino rats (120-150g) were divided into six groups with six rats each. Group (1) received normal saline and served as control, Group (2) was administered with AlCl3 (20mg/kg body weight b.wt)), Group (3) was administered with vitamin C (200mg/kg b.wt), Group (4) was administered with vitamin E (200mg/kg b.wt), Groups (5) and (6) were administered aluminium (20mg/kg b.wt) along with vitamins C and E (200mg/kg b.wt) respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and organs (liver, testis, heart, kidney and brain) were harvested and used for lipid profile determination. The results showed that oral administration of aluminum significantly (p<0.05) increased cholesterol level in plasma and VLDL+LDL and significantly decreased in erythrocyte, HDL and testis. Cholesterogenesis was induced in the brain, liver, kidney and heart. Plasma and VLDL+LDL triglyceride were significantly (p<0.05) increased while erythrocyte and brain triglyceride were significantly decreased. Plasma, VLDL+LDL and brain phospholipid levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased and that of erythrocyte significantly increased. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in rats supplemented with vitamin C and vitamin E compared with control. The vitamins significantly attenuated the affected lipid levels in the tissues affected. It was concluded that administration of vitamin C and vitamin E supplements may be used as therapies against the effects of Aluminium exposure on lipids.Keywords: Aluminium exposure, lipid dystrophy, vitamin C, vitamin E, tissue
Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid on dyslipidemia in organs of alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the heterogeneous metabolic disorders associated with dyslipidemia, a major risk factor
contributing to cardiovascular disease. This metabolic abnormality affects virtually all organs. Over the years,
antidiabetic drugs which majorly aim at the hyperglycemic aspect of the disease have been used. Therefore, to
address this dyslipidemia, omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) supplement was employed. Its effects on lipid metabolism in
the organs (heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen and brain) of alloxan-induced (150mg/kg body weight,
intraperitoneally) diabetic male rats were investigated. O3FA (0.4g/kg b.wt/day) was administered as pre- and posttreatment
for 2 weeks. The lipid levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in diabetic rats. O3FA administration
significantly reduced (p<0.05) the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, triacylglycerol by varying extents, in the
examined organs without affecting hyperglycemia in the diabetic rats. The ratio of HMG CoA/mevalonate decreased
in the liver of the diabetic rats by 28% indicating increased activity of HMG-CoA reductase. This diabetes-induced
dyslipidemia was accompanied by a 28% increase in the activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase. Administration of
O3FA to the diabetic rats however resulted in 10% and 17% decrease in the activity of this enzyme in the pre- and
post-treated groups respectively. Also, lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced (p<0.05) by O3FA suggesting
that it has protective effect against oxidative damage. This study reveals that O3FAsupplement has beneficial effects
in attenuating dyslipidemia observed in diabetes mellitus and could be beneficial as an adjunct in the management
of diabetes mellitus
Diallyl disulfide, an organo-sulfur compound in garlic and onion attenuates trichloromethane-induced hepatic oxidative stress, activation of NFkB and apoptosis in rats
Trichloromethane (TCM) serves as an ingredient in pesticide formulations and fire extinguishers. It is a reported hepato- and renal-toxin. We therefore investigated the chemo-preventive effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on TCM-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty five rats, divided into five groups of five animals each were used. TCM at the dose of 200 mg/kg was orally administered, and concomitantly treated with DADS (50 mg/kg), 5 days per week for 3 weeks. Compared with control, there was a significant increase in hepatic expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), TUNEL positive cells (apoptosis), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO). Also, a significant decrease in expressions of p53, and activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was recorded following TCM administration. Following treatment, DADS intervention significantly reduced the hepatic NFkB expressions, apoptotic positive cells as well as levels of MDA, H2O2, and NO, and also significantly increased the level of GSH, activities of CAT and GPx compared with TCM group, while its effect on expressions of p53 was insignificant. Hepato-protection by DADS against TCM-induced hepatotoxicity may therefore be via suppressions of NFkB activation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in rats
Naringin prevents cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation.
Cyclophosphamide (CYCP), a synthetic alkylating antineoplastic, disrupts both cancerous and non-cancerous cells to cause cancer regression and multi organotoxicity respectively. CYCP-induced hepatotoxicity is rare but possible. Evidence has shown that naringin has several beneficial potentials against oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This study examined the chemoprotective potentials of naringin on exited radical scavenging, hepatic integrity, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation in CYCP-mediated hepatotoxicity. Rats were pre-treated orally by gavage for fourteen consecutive days with three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of naringin before single CYCP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Subsequently, the rats were euthanized; blood and liver were removed, and assessed for serum and hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gene expression dynamics. Naringin concentrations required for 50% scavenging hydroxyl radical and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation were 0.32 mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Pretreatment with naringin significantly (p < 0.05) abolish CYCP-induced changes in the activities of serum and hepatic ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and LDH. Pretreatment with naringin remarkably (p < 0.05) reversed CYCP-mediated increases in hepatic levels of malondialdehyde, hydroperoxide, and nitric oxide; reverse CYCP-induced decreases in the hepatic glutathione levels, activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase; and also attenuated CYCP-induced upregulation of expression of hepatic chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), interferon alpha1 (IFN-α1), interleukine-1β, interleukine-1 receptor, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Taken together, different doses of naringin can prevent CYCP-induced oxidants generation, hepatocytes dysfunctions, oxidative stress as well as inflammatory perturbations in rats when pre-administered for as few as 14 days