Effect of Dopant on the Nanostructured Morphology of Poly (1-naphthylamine) Synthesized by Template Free Method

The study reports some preliminary investigations on the template free synthesis of ascantlyinvestigated polyaniline (PANI) derivative—poly (1-naphthylamine) (PNA) by template free method in presence as well as absence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (dopant), using ferric chloride as oxidant. The polymerization was carried out in alcoholic medium. Polymerization of 1-naphthylamine (NPA) was confirmed by the FT-IR as well as UV–visible studies. The morphology and size of PNA particles was strongly influenced by the presence and absence of acid which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies

4.UGC-4ra06698g (3).pdf

Microwave-enhanced photodegradation of dyes is one of the emerging and promising technologies for<br>waste water remediation. Microwaves effectively accelerate photocatalytic degradation, but only in the<br>presence of a suitable photocatalyst such as TiO2, ZnO and also when a microwave electrodeless lamp<br>(MEL) substitutes a traditional lamp as a light source. As the existing inorganic photocatalysts have been<br>proven to be potentially toxic to the aquatic environment, this remediation technique can be extremely<br>simplified if the photocatalyst can be replaced by a benign catalyst which can work under microwave<br>irradiation in the absence of any external light source. In the present study, an attempt is made for the<br>first time to degrade and mineralize Orange G (OG) dye in a laboratory microwave oven at 30 C, using<br>an organic catalyst, poly(1-naphthylamine) (PNA), a conjugated polymer synthesized by an enzymatic<br>method. PNA was characterized by relevant experimental techniques. The degradation was carried out<br>by exposing the OG dye solutions to microwave irradiation for different time intervals in the absence of<br>UV-vis radiation and TiO2. PNA as a catalyst was found to enhance the dye degradation under<br>microwave irradiation by almost two times as compared to its degradation under microwave irradiation<br>alone. 100 ppm of OG dye solution was found to degrade up to 90% in 20 min at 30 C in the presence<br>of PNA. The same solution revealed mineralization up to 85% in 40 min as confirmed by the total<br>organic content (TOC) analysis. With the help of LC-MS, seven intermediates were identified ranging<br>between m/z 227 and m/z 97, on the basis of which a tentative degradation pathway for the dye has<br>been proposed. Dye degradation in the presence of PNA as a microwave catalyst under the present<br>experimental setup was found to yield results better than other photocatalytic or microwave-assisted<br>photocatalytic degradation methods

Tuning the optical properties of poly(o-phenylenediamine-co-pyrrole) via template mediated copolymerization

Tailoring of conjugated monomers via copolymerization is a facile method to obtain tunable spectral, morphological and optical properties. To investigate the effect of copolymerization of pyrrole with o-phenylenediamine on the optoelectronic properties of the synthesized copolymers, the present work reports the synthesis of copolymers of o-phenylenediamine with pyrrole with varying mol ratios via chemical polymerization in methylene blue (MB) medium. Copolymerization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible studies. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy revealed variation in the optical properties with the change in the monomer ratio. Fluorescence studies showed that the copolymer containing 80% poly(o-phenylenediamine) revealed highest quantum yield among all the copolymers. The emission color could therefore be tuned by careful selection of narrow band co-monomers, which could help in designing tunable fluorescence emitting materials for potential application in OLED devices

Visible-light induced degradation of diphenyl urea and polyethylene using polythiophene decorated CuFe2O4 nanohybrids

Abstract The present work reports facile synthesis of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles via co-precipitation method and formulation of its nanohybrids with polythiophene (PTh). The structural and morphological properties were investigated using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectra (SEM-EDS) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increase in the loading of PTh and was found to be 2.52 eV for 1-PTh/CuFe2O4, 2.15 eV for 3-PTh/CuFe2O4 and 1.89 eV for 5-PTh/CuFe2O4. The nanohybrids were utilized as photocatalysts for visible light induced degradation of diphenyl urea. Diphenyl urea showed 65% degradation using 150 mg catalyst within 120 min. Polyethylene (PE) was also degraded using these nanohybrids under visible light as well as microwave irradiation to compare its catalytic efficiency under both conditions. Almost 50% of PE was degraded under microwave and 22% under visible light irradiation using 5-PTh/CuFe2O4. The degraded diphenyl urea fragments were analyzed using LCMS and a tentative mechanism of degradation was proposed

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Amido Black 10B Dye Using Polycarbazole-Decorated TiO₂ Nanohybrids

The present study reports the synthesis of polycarbazole (PCz)-decorated TiO₂ nanohybrids via in situ chemical polymerization of carbazole monomers in TiO₂ dispersions. The ratio of the polymer in the nanohybrid varied between 0.5 and 2 wt %. The synthesized nanohybrids were characterized using infrared and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, whereas the morphology was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. XRD revealed changes in the peak corresponding to the <i>d</i>(001) plane of TiO₂ owing to the interaction between the two components. TEM confirmed the formation of PCz-decorated nanohybrids. Amido Black 10B (AB-10B) was chosen as a model dye for the degradation studies. Sonophotocatalytic degradation of the dye was studied by varying the catalyst and dye concentrations. Results showed that PCz/TiO₂ nanohybrids exhibited a complete degradation of AB-10B dye within a short span of 60–90 min, which was faster than pure TiO₂ and the reported decorated TiO₂ nanohybrids synthesized by other authors. The degraded dye fragments were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS). By varying the loading of PCz in TiO₂, the nanohybrids could be tuned to achieve visible light-driven degradation