Relationship between domain-specific physical activity and different body composition measures in a working population

With respect to the overweight epidemic, this study aimed to investigate the association between domain-specific physical activity and body composition measures in Swiss male employees.; A total of 192 healthy male adults in full-time employment were investigated. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured and body mass index was calculated. Relative fat mass and relative muscle mass were determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Physical activity was assessed by the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire.; In multiple linear regressions, leisure-time activity showed an inverse association with waist circumference and relative fat mass and a positive correlation with relative muscle mass. Work activity was positively related to waist circumference and body mass index.; This study shows that leisure-time activity may be the most effective physical activity domain for body composition. Work activity does not seem to be protective against overweight

Screening for obstructive sleep apnea among hospital outpatients.

BACKGROUND:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in adults. People with OSAS have a higher risk of experiencing traffic accidents and occupational injuries (OIs). We aimed to clarify the diagnostic performance of a three-channel screening device (ApneaLinkTM) compared with the gold standard of full-night attended polysomnography (PSG) among hospital outpatients not referred for sleep-related symptoms. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether manual revision of the ApneaLinkTM autoscore enhanced diagnostic performance. METHODS:We investigated 68 patients with OI and 44 without OI recruited from the University Hospital Basel emergency room, using a cross-sectional study design. Participating patients spent one night at home with ApneaLinkTM and within 2 weeks slept for one night at the sleep laboratory. We reanalyzed all ApneaLinkTM data after manual revision. RESULTS:We identified significant correlations between the ApneaLinkTM apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) autoscore and the AHI derived by PSG (r = 0.525; p <0.001) and between the ApneaLinkTM oxygen desaturation index (ODI) autoscore and that derived by PSG (r = 0.722; p <0.001). The ApneaLinkTM autoscore showed a sensitivity and specificity of 82% when comparing AHI ≥5 with the cutoff for AHI and/or ODI ≥15 from PSG. In Bland Altman plots the mean difference between ApneaLinkTM AHI autoscore and PSG was 2.75 with SD ± 8.80 (β = 0.034), and between ApneaLinkTM AHI revised score and PSG -1.50 with SD ± 9.28 (β = 0.060). CONCLUSIONS:The ApneaLinkTM autoscore demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity compared with the gold standard (full-night attended PSG). However, Bland Altman plots revealed substantial fluctuations between PSG and ApneaLinkTM AHI autoscore respectively manually revised score. This spread for the AHI from a clinical perspective is large, and therefore the results have to be interpreted with caution. Furthermore, our findings suggest that there is no clinical benefit in manually revising the ApneaLinkTM autoscore

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and sleep disorders in individuals with occupational injuries

Abstract Background Some sleep disorders are known risk factors for occupational injuries (OIs). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in a population of patients with OIs admitted to the emergency room (ER) with hospital outpatients as controls. Methods Seventy-nine patients with OIs and 56 controls were recruited at the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland between 2009 and 2011. All patients completed a questionnaire and underwent a full-night attended polysomnography (PSG). We considered an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 as an abnormal finding suggestive of a diagnosis of OSAS. Results Patients with OIs did not differ from controls regarding sex, age, body mass index, and job risk of OI. Patients with OIs tended to have an abnormal AHI (n = 38 [48%] vs. n = 16 [29%], odds ratio [OR] = 2.32 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.05–5.13]), and a higher AHI (8.0 vs. 5.6 events/h; Cohen’s d 0.28, p = 0.028) compared with controls. Patients with OIs also had abnormal limb movement index, arousal index, and signs of sleep bruxism compared with controls. Compared with 36 controls (66%), 70 patients with OIs (89%) had either excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and/or an abnormal finding during PSG (OR = 4.32, 95% CI:1.65–11.52). However, patients with OIs did not differ from controls regarding EDS or oxygen desaturation index. Conclusions Patients treated in the ER for OI had more abnormal findings suggestive of OSAS or other sleep disorders compared with a control group of hospital outpatients. Screening for these conditions should be part of the postaccident medical investigation

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ApneaLink^TM autoscore compared with polysomnography.

<p>Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ApneaLink^TM autoscore compared with polysomnography.</p

Distribution of patients with and without an OI across AHI categories based on manually revised ApneaLink^TM score.

<p>OI, occupational injury; w/o, without; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; CI, confidence interval.</p

Rate of misclassifications of OSAS diagnosis between ApneaLink^TM autoscore, ApneaLink^TM manually revised score and polysomnography.

<p>Rate of misclassifications of OSAS diagnosis between ApneaLink^TM autoscore, ApneaLink^TM manually revised score and polysomnography.</p

Bland-Altman plot illustrating the difference in AHI as measured from ApneaLink^TM autoscore versus PSG.

<p><b>Plots present differences between the two methods compared to mean AHI of the two methods. The black solid line represents the mean difference, the black thin lines the 95% confidence intervals on the limits of agreement.</b> ALA, ApneaLink^TM autoscore; PSG, polysomnography.</p

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ApneaLink^TM after manual revision compared with polysomnography.

<p>Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ApneaLink^TM after manual revision compared with polysomnography.</p

Flow of study participants.

<p>OI, occupational injury; w/o, without; PSG, polysomnography.</p