The Small Molecule BIBR1532 Exerts Potential Anti-cancer Activities in Preclinical Models of Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inhibition of Telomerase Activity and Down-Regulation of TERT

Expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase activity (TA) is a main feature of cancer, contributing to cell immortalization by causing telomeres dysfunction. BIBR1532 is a potent telomerase inhibitor that showed potential anti-tumor activities in several types of cancer, by triggering replicative senescence and apoptosis. In a previous work, we detected, for the first time, TERT expression and TA in preclinical models of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC); therefore, we aimed at extending our investigation by testing the effects of treatment with BIBR1532, in order to explore the role of telomerase in this tumor and foreshadow the possibility of it being considered as a future therapeutic target. In the present study, treatment of FOSCC cell lines SCCF1, SCCF2, and SCCF3 with BIBR1532 resulted in successful inhibition of TA, with subsequent cell growth stoppage and decrease in cell viability. Molecular data showed that up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitor p21, unbalancing of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and down-regulation of survival gene Survivin were mostly involved in the observed cellular events. Moreover, BIBR1532 diminished the expression of TERT and its transcriptional activator cMyc, resulting in the down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phospho-ERK/ERK ratio, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1/-2 and−9, likely as a consequence of an impairment of TERT extra-telomeric functions. Taken together, our data suggest that BIBR1532 exerts multiple anti-cancer activities in FOSCC by inhibiting telomerase pathway and interfering with signaling routes involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, and invasion, paving the way for future translational studies aimed at evaluating its possible employment in the treatment of this severe tumor of cats

Diversity of oat varieties in eliciting the early inflammatory events in celiac disease

Purpose Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy, triggered by dietary gluten. The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. Oats are included in the list of gluten-free ingredients by European Regulation, but the safety of oats in CD is still a matter of debate. The present study examined the capability of different oat cultivars of activating the gliadin-induced transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-dependent events in some in vitro models of CD. In addition, we compared this capability with the electrophoresis pattern of peptic\u2013tryptic digests of the proteins of the oat cultivars. Methods K562(S) cells agglutination, transepithelial electrical resistance of T84-cell monolayers, intracellular levels of TG2 and phosphorylated form of protein 42\u201344 in T84 cells were the early gliadin-dependent events studied. Results The results showed that the Nave oat cultivar elicited these events, whereas Irina and Potenza varieties did not. The ability of a cultivar to activate the above-described events was associated with the electrophoretic pattern of oat proteins and their reactivity to anti-gliadin antibodies. Conclusion We found significant differences among oat cultivars in eliciting the TG2-mediated events of CD inflammation. Therefore, the safety of an oat cultivar in CD might be screened in vitro by means of biochemical and biological assays, before starting a clinical trial to definitely assess its safety

A conformational variant of p53 (U-p53AZ) as blood-based biomarker for the prediction of the onset of symptomatic Alzheimer\u27s disease

BACKGROUND: Ongoing research seeks to identify blood-based biomarkers able to predict onset and progression of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: The unfolded conformational variant of p53 (U-p53AZ), previously observed in AD individuals, was evaluated in plasma samples from individuals participating in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) cohort for diagnostic and prognostic assessment, validated on a neuropsychological-based diagnosis, over the course of six years. DESIGN: Retrospective Longitudinal Prognostic biomarker study. SETTING: Single-center study based on the AIBL cohort. PARTICIPANTS: 482 participants of the AIBL cohort, aged 60-85 years, without uncontrolled diabetes, vascular disease, severe depression or psychiatric illnesses. MEASUREMENTS: The AlzoSure® Predict test, consisting of immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), was performed to quantify the AZ 284® peptide as readout of U-p53AZ and compared with an independent neuropsychological diagnosis. The amyloid load via amyloid β-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) and supporting clinical information were included where possible. RESULTS: U-p53AZ diagnostic and prognostic performance was assessed in both time-independent and time-dependent (36, 72 and 90 months following initial sampling) analyses. Prognostic performance of Aβ-PET and survival analyses with different risk factors (gender, Aβ-PET and APOE ε4 allele status) were also performed. U-p53AZ differentiated neuropsychologically graded AD from non-AD samples, and its detection at intermediate/high levels precisely identified present and future symptomatic AD. In both time-independent and time-dependent prognostic analyses U-p53AZ achieved area under the curve (AUC) \u3e98%, significantly higher than Aβ-PET AUCs (between 84% and 93%, P respectively \u3c0.0001 and \u3c0.001). As single factor, U-p53AZ could clearly determine the risk of AD neuropsychological diagnosis over time (low versus intermediate/high U-p53AZ hazard ratio=2.99). Proportional hazards regression analysis identified U-p53AZ levels as a major independent predictor of AD onset. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support use of U-p53AZ as blood-based biomarker predicting whether individuals would reach neuropsychologically-defined AD within six years prior to AD diagnosis. Integration of U-p53AZ in screening processes could support refined participant stratification for interventional studies

Development of an in vitro model to simulate the gastrointestinal digestion and absorption of stabilizing agents

Each step in the winemaking process must be carefully planned and controlled to optimize the quality of wine. Among others, tartaric stabilization is a critical step in enology, and although effective, the usual practices to solve it show some qualitative limitations, and important economical and environmental impacts. For the reasons reported above, the wine producers are searching for alternative practices, with particular interest in the area of organic products. Biopolymers are possible alternatives in this field. The selection, the characterization and the safety aspects of new biopolymers are the objectives of the European project STABIWINE (Use of biopolymers for sustainable stabilization of quality wines). The first group of biopolymers analyzed includes polyaminoacids and, in particular, polymers of L-aspartic acid (PAA), which can be used as enological additives for tartaric stabilization. In order to contribute in drafting the toxicological dossier, the metabolic fate of PAAs has been assessed by in vitro models, mimicking gastrointestinal digestion and absorption

Lowered-intensity preparative regimen for allogeneic stem cell transplantation delays acute graft-versus-host disease but does not improve outcome for advanced hematologic malignancy

AbstractReduced conditioning intensity has extended the option of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to patients who cannot tolerate fully myeloablative regimens. However, relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality. We prospectively tested whether a moderate reduction of the intensity of the preparative regimen would lead to significant reduction in regimen-related toxicity without compromising tumor control in a cohort of 44 patients ineligible for conventional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients were conditioned with fludarabine, busulfan, mycophenolate, and total lymphoid irradiation. Tacrolimus and methotrexate were given as prophylaxis for GVHD. Donors were 5 of 6 or 6 of 6 matched family members. The median age was 61 years. Eleven patients had comorbid conditions that precluded conventional myeloablative transplantation. Fatal regimen-related organ toxicity occurred in 3 patients. The cumulative incidence of grade 2 to 4 or grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD by day 100 was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25%, 55%) and 20% (95% CI = 10%, 39%), respectively, with a median time to onset of 66 days. For the entire cohort, 1-year overall survival, disease-free survival, and relapse rates were 54% (95% CI = 41%, 71%), 47% (95% CI = 35%, 65%), and 37% (95% CI = 19%, 51%), respectively. Outcomes differed based on stage of disease at time of transplantation, advanced (n = 19) versus nonadvanced (n = 25). Median survival times were 138 days and 685 days for subjects with advanced and nonadvanced disease, respectively (P = .005). After adjusting for age and comorbidity, disease stage continued to be significantly associated with overall survival (P = .005). In conclusion, a moderate reduction in conditioning dose intensity resulted in delayed onset of acute GVHD (compared with historical controls). A reduction in conditioning intensity is associated with poor survival for patients with advanced-stage disease, highlighting the importance of the conditioning regimen for tumor control. © 2003 American Society for Blood and Marrow TransplantationBiology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 9:189-197 (2003

Liver Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease is associated with poor survival among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Liver Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is common in patients with post‐transplant liver dysfunction following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Oftentimes, the diagnosis is made clinically, and liver biopsy is deferred. Our objective was to evaluate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of liver GVHD among patients who developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Additionally, we evaluated the feasibility of liver biopsy in this population. We compared outcomes between liver GVHD and a “non‐liver GVHD” group, which consisted of other etiologies of post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Between January 2003 and December 2010, 249 patients developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction following AHSCT: 124 patients developed liver GVHD and 125 were in the “non‐liver GVHD” group. The incidence of acute and chronic liver GVHD at one year was 15.7% and 31.0%, respectively. The competing risk analysis revealed full intensity conditioning regimen (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; P = .008) and related donor (HR, 1.68; P = .004) as independent risk factors for liver GVHD. The time‐varying covariate Cox regression analysis with competing risk event, demonstrated that liver GVHD was independently associated with higher non‐relapse mortality, and adverse relapse‐free and overall survival. A total of 112 liver biopsies were performed in 100 patients. No major complications were observed. Liver biopsy confirmed prebiopsy hypotheses in 49% of cases, and led to treatment modification in 49% of patients. Our study shows that liver GVHD is associated with adverse survival. Liver biopsy is safe and often helps directing care in this setting.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151888/1/ajh25575.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151888/2/ajh25575_am.pd

ANTHOCYANIN PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF UNFERMENTED GRAPE DERIVATIVES

Since the first observations of the \u201cFrench paradox\u201d, numerous studies have been developed to test the antioxidant and health-promoting effects of phenolic compounds present in grapes and wine. These findings, together with the negative campaign against alcoholic beverages, have led to a considerable interest in the evaluation of unfermented grape by-products as skin, seeds and juices. These products are also being employed as ingredients of dietary supplements, but in most cases data about the actual polyphenol content are scarce. To support scientifically the biological activity of unfermented beverages and dietary supplements, it is important to know the associated profile of the active compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate in parallel the antioxidant activity, the total polyphenol content (TPC) and the HPLC anthocyanin profiles of grape derivatives: fresh grape juices and dietary supplements. The antioxidant activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 517 nm after reaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical. The TPC was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay, measuring the absorbance at 765 nm. Anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin) were analyzed by HPLC using a gradient elution and a diode-array detector. Anthocyanins were identified and quantified in grape derivatives by comparing their chromatographic behaviour with purified standards (retention times and the UV spectra). Among grape juices, the highest value of TPC was 1570.5\ub11.60 g GA/L (gallic acid equivalent/L) found in a fresh red grape juice, and the lowest 212.4\ub16.25 g GA/L in a fresh white grape juice. Our data show that red grape juices show a good polyphenol content justifying their use as an alternative source of antioxidant compounds. Comparison between anthocyanin profiles of grape derivatives and grape-based food supplements will be discussed taking into account data on bioavailability reported in the scientific literature