Occurrence of clostridium difficile in fecal samples of children in Rio de Janeiro, RJ

A ocorrência de Clostridium difficile foi analisada em amostras de fezes de 175 crianças com idade variando de 1 a 35 meses. Para o isolamento primário do microrganismo foi empregado o meio de cultura seletivo diferencial "CCFA" (cicloserina-cefoxitina-frutose-agar). Num grupo de 67 crianças sem distúrbios gastrintestinais e que não estavam sob uso de agentes antimicrobianos a ocorrência do C. difficile foi de 22,4%, enquanto que num outro grupo de 28 crianças nas mesmas condições, porém, sob tratamento com antimicrobianos a ocorrência do microrganismo foi de 50%. Num terceiro grupo de 58 crianças com diarréia e sob antibiótico-terapia a ocorrência de C. difficile atingiu 13,8%. Este mesmo percentual foi encontrado num quarto grupo de 22 crianças com diarréia, porém, sem tratamento com agentes antimicrobianos. De um modo geral, os maiores índices de ocorrência de C. difficile foram encontrados em crianças com idade variando entre 1 a 12 meses (28,1%). Índices inferiores foram verificados entre crianças com idade superior a 1 ano. Outrossim, os resultados evidenciam que crianças com distúrbios gastrintestinais apresentam menor incidência deste microrganismo nas fezes. Por outro lado. não houve diferença estatísticamente significativa entre os grupos de crianças com e sem terapia antimicrobiana.The occurrence of Clostridium difficile in stool specimens from 175 children, 1 to 35 months old, was examined. Cycloserine-cefoxitin - fructose agar (CCFA) was employed for the primary isolation of the microorganism. In a group of 67 children without symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders and not under antimicrobial therapy the microorganism was isolated from 22.4% of them, while in another group of 28 children, also showing no symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders but under antimicrobial therapy, C. difficile was isolated from 50%. In a third group of 58 children with diarrhea and under antimicrobial therapy this microorganism was isolated from 13.8%. A similar ratio was found in a fourth group of 22 children with diarrhea but not under antimicrobial therapy. The highest percents of isolation of Clostridium difficile w h ere found among children with ages between 1 and 12 months old (28.1%). The results also showed that the children with gastrointestinal disorders had lower occurrence of this microorganism in stool specimens. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between the children groups under antimicrobial therapy or not

Prevalence of mutans streptococci in 93 members from six Brazilian families

Vários estudos relatam que os estreptococos do grupo mutans (SGM) estão associados à cárie e que existe uma correlação entre o número de lesões de cárie e de SGM na saliva de crianças e adultos. Foi avaliada a presença de SGM na saliva de 93 membros de seis famílias brasileiras com no mínimo três gerações. Amostras de saliva não estimulada foram coletadas e diluídas. Alíquotas de 50 mil de cada suspensão foram gotejadas em ágar SB20 e incubadas em jarras de anaerobiose a 37ºC por 72 horas. As colônias com características de SGM foram contadas e repicadas em caldo tioglicolato e submetidas a biotipagem. Os estreptococos do grupo mutans foram isolados de 80 (86,0 %) membros e as contagens na saliva variaram de 3,0 x 10² (log 2,477) a 1,6 x 10(8) (log 8,204) CFU/ml. Todos os 73 adultos estavam colonizados com SGM, mas a bactéria foi detectada apenas em 7 (35,0%) das 20 crianças. Streptococcus mutans foi identificado em 78 (97,5%) indivíduos, e 51 (63,7%) eram monocolonizados. S. sobrinus foi isolado de 29 (36,3%) membros e 2 (2,5%) estavam monocolonizados. Vinte e sete (33,8%) indivíduos estavam multicolonizados com S. mutans e S. sobrinus. O estudo mostrou uma elevada prevalência (86,0%) de estreptococos do grupo mutans na saliva dos membros das famílias sugerindo o risco de transmissão intrafamilial.Several studies report that mutans streptococci (MS) are closely associated with caries in humans and that there is a correlation between the number of carious lesions and the levels of MS in the saliva of children and adults. The presence of MS in the saliva of 93 members of six Brazilian families with at least 3 generations was investigated. Samples of whole unstimulated saliva were collected and diluted. Aliquots of 50 mul of each suspension were dropped onto SB20 agar and incubated in a candle jar at 37°C for 72h. Colonies resembling MS were counted, collected, seeded in thioglycollate medium and subjected to biochemical typing. Mutans streptococci were isolated from 80 subjects (86.0%) and the counts ranged from 3.0 x 10² (log 2.477) to 1.6 x 10(8) (log 8.204) CFU/ml of saliva. All of the 73 adults were colonized by MS, but the bacteria were detected in only 7 (35.0%) of the 20 children evaluated. Streptococcus mutans occurred in 78 subjects (97.5%), and 51 (63.7%) were monocolonized. S. sobrinus occurred in 29 individuals (36.3%) and 2 (2.5%) were monocolonized. Twenty-seven (33.8%) subjects were multicolonized with S. mutans and S. sobrinus. This study showed a high prevalence (86.0%) of mutans streptococci in the saliva of members of the studied families, which suggests the risk of intrafamilial transmission

Efficacy of instrumentation techniques and irrigation regimens in reducing the bacterial population within root canals

The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro intracanal bacterial reduction produced by using two instrumentation techniques and different irrigation methods. Root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis were prepared by using the following techniques and irrigants: alternated rotary motions (ARM) technique, hand nickel-titanium files and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as irrigant; ARM technique and combined irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and citric acid; ARM technique and combined irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate; and Greater Taper rotary files, using 2.5% NaOCl as irrigant. Controls were instrumented by using the ARM technique and irrigated with sterile saline. Canals were sampled before and after preparation. After serial dilution, samples were plated onto Mitis-Salivarius agar, and the colony forming units that were grown were counted. All test techniques and solutions significantly reduced the number of bacterial cells within the root canal (p 0.05). Nonetheless, all of them were significantly more effective than the control group (p < 0.05). These findings support the importance of using antimicrobial irrigants during the chemomechanical preparation, regardless of the solutions or instrumentation techniques used

Antibacterial Activity of Root-end Filling Materials

Svrha istraživanja bila je ocijeniti i usporediti antibakterijsku učinkovitost pet retrogradnih punila korijenskih kanala. Materijal i metode: Metodom difuzije u agru ocijenjena je zona inhibicije bakterijskog rasta na podlozi pet retrogradnih punila korijenskih kanala: Pro Root MTA, cementa Portland, Super-EBA, IRM-a, Sealera 26 te amalgama. Za ciljane mikroorganizme bilo je odabrano pet anaeroba (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Propionibacterium acnes i Eubacterium saburreum) te dva fakultativna (Actinomyces viscosus i Enterococcus faecalis). Rezultati: Sealer 26 postigao je najveću inhibiciju rasta. Punila IRM i Super-EBA spriječila su rast samo Porphyromonas gingivalis, ali učinak je bio znatno slabiji u usporedbi s djelovanjem Sealera 26. Kao neučinkovita antibakterijska sredstva pokazali su se MTA, cement Portland i amalgam. Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su da Sealer 26 ima najjače antibakterijsko djelovanje u usporedbi s ostalim često upotrebljavanim apikalnim punilima korijenskih kanala.Purpose: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effectiveness of five root-end filling materials. Material and methods: The agar diffusion method was employed to evaluate the inhibition zone provided by the following root-end filling materials: Pro Root MTA, Portland cement, Super-EBA, IRM, Sealer 26, and silver amalgam. The target microorganisms included five anaerobic bacterial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Propionibacterium acnes and Eubacterium saburreum) and two facultative bacterial species (Actinomyces viscosus and Enterococcus faecalis). Results: Sealer 26 demonstrated the largest inhibitory effects on all species tested. IRM and Super-EBA were inhibitory only to P. gingivalis, but this effect was far less pronounced as compared to Sealer 26. MTA, Portland cement, and amalgam proved ineffective against all species tested. Conclusion: These findings revealed that Sealer 26 has more pronounced antibacterial effects when compared to other commonly used root-end filling materials

Antibacterial Activity of Root-end Filling Materials

Svrha istraživanja bila je ocijeniti i usporediti antibakterijsku učinkovitost pet retrogradnih punila korijenskih kanala. Materijal i metode: Metodom difuzije u agru ocijenjena je zona inhibicije bakterijskog rasta na podlozi pet retrogradnih punila korijenskih kanala: Pro Root MTA, cementa Portland, Super-EBA, IRM-a, Sealera 26 te amalgama. Za ciljane mikroorganizme bilo je odabrano pet anaeroba (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Propionibacterium acnes i Eubacterium saburreum) te dva fakultativna (Actinomyces viscosus i Enterococcus faecalis). Rezultati: Sealer 26 postigao je najveću inhibiciju rasta. Punila IRM i Super-EBA spriječila su rast samo Porphyromonas gingivalis, ali učinak je bio znatno slabiji u usporedbi s djelovanjem Sealera 26. Kao neučinkovita antibakterijska sredstva pokazali su se MTA, cement Portland i amalgam. Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su da Sealer 26 ima najjače antibakterijsko djelovanje u usporedbi s ostalim često upotrebljavanim apikalnim punilima korijenskih kanala.Purpose: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effectiveness of five root-end filling materials. Material and methods: The agar diffusion method was employed to evaluate the inhibition zone provided by the following root-end filling materials: Pro Root MTA, Portland cement, Super-EBA, IRM, Sealer 26, and silver amalgam. The target microorganisms included five anaerobic bacterial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Propionibacterium acnes and Eubacterium saburreum) and two facultative bacterial species (Actinomyces viscosus and Enterococcus faecalis). Results: Sealer 26 demonstrated the largest inhibitory effects on all species tested. IRM and Super-EBA were inhibitory only to P. gingivalis, but this effect was far less pronounced as compared to Sealer 26. MTA, Portland cement, and amalgam proved ineffective against all species tested. Conclusion: These findings revealed that Sealer 26 has more pronounced antibacterial effects when compared to other commonly used root-end filling materials

Levels of infection and colonization of some oral bacteria after use of naf, chlorhexidine and a combined chlorhexidine with naf mouthrinses Níveis de infecção e colonização de algumas bactérias orais após o uso de soluções de fluoreto de sódio, clorexidina e de uma combinação de fluoreto de sódio e clorexidina

This study was carried out to evaluate levels of infection of bacteria involved in caries and oral streptococci and their colonization after use of mouthrinses with NaF, chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine plus NaF. Combination of chlorhexidine and fluoride was the only agent that reduced levels of Streptococcus mutans (group) for 30 days.<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de infecção de bactérias cariogênicas e estreptococos orais e sua colonização após uso de bochechos com NaF, clorexidina e clorexidina e NaF associados. Associação de clorexidina e NaF foi o único agente que reduziu os níveis de Streptococcus mutans (grupo) por 30 dias

Levels of infection and colonization of some oral bacteria after use of naf, chlorhexidine and a combined chlorhexidine with naf mouthrinses

This study was carried out to evaluate levels of infection of bacteria involved in caries and oral streptococci and their colonization after use of mouthrinses with NaF, chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine plus NaF. Combination of chlorhexidine and fluoride was the only agent that reduced levels of Streptococcus mutans (group) for 30 days