194 research outputs found
Bracing for the Typhoon: Climate Change and Sovereign Risk in Southeast Asia
This article investigates and empirically tests the link between climate change and sovereign risk in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian countries are among those most heavily affected by climate change. The number and intensity of extreme weather events in the region have been increasing markedly, causing severe social and economic damage. Southeast Asian economies are also exposed to gradual effects of global warming as well as transition risks stemming from policies aimed at mitigating climate change. To empirically examine the effect of climate change on the sovereign risk of Southeast Asian countries, we employ indices for vulnerability and resilience to climate change and estimate country-specific OLS models for six countries and a fixed effects panel using monthly data for the period 2002â2018. Both the country-specific and the panel results show that greater climate vulnerability appears to have a sizable positive effect on sovereign bond yields, while greater resilience to climate change has an offsetting effect, albeit to a lesser extent. A higher cost of debt holds back much-needed investment in public infrastructure and climate adaptation, increases the risk of debt sustainability problems, and diminishes the development prospects of Southeast Asian countries
Indirect Domestic Value Added in Mexico's Manufacturing Exports, by Origin and Destination Sector
Conditional Determinants of Mobile Phones Penetration and Mobile Banking in Sub-Saharan Africa
Subsidiary Business Networks and Opportunity Development in Multinational Enterprises: A Comparison of the Influence of Internal and External Business Networks
Quality and safety systems for the port industry: empirical evidence for the main Greek ports
Improving policy coherence for food security and nutrition in South Africa: a qualitative policy analysis
Like most other low and middle-income countries, South Africa must address a rising burden of diet-related chronic disease in a
situation of persistent food insecurity and undernutrition. Supply-side policy interventions are a critical component of action to
address the double burden of malnutrition. However, the food supply is governed by a number of different policy sectors, and
policy incoherence can occur between government action to promote a healthy food supply and objectives for economic
liberalization. We analysed the coherence of food supply policy content with respect to nutrition and food security in South
Africa, and conducted 14 in-depth interviews with 22 public and private sector actors to identify opportunities to improve policy
coherence across sectors governing the food supply. Drawing on Sabatierâs conceptualization of actors as influential in shaping
policy outcomes, we identified three coalitions of actors related to food security and nutrition in South Africa: the dominant
Economic Growth coalition, the Food Security coalition, and the Health coalition. Understanding the frames, beliefs and
resources held by these coalitions offers insights into the policy tensions faced by the Government of South Africa with respect
to the food supply. The analysis indicates that the current reconsideration of economic policy agendas favouring liberalization in
SouthAfrica, including the termination of most bilateral investment treaties, may present an opportunity for increased recognition
of food security and nutrition priorities in food supply policy making. Opportunities to strengthen policy coherence across the
food supply for food security and nutrition include: specific changes to economic policy relating to the food supply that achieve
both food security/nutrition and economic objectives; creating links between producers and consumers, through markets and
fiscal incentives that make healthy / fresh foods more accessible and affordable; increasing formal avenues for engagement by
Civil Society in nutrition and food security policy making; and including consideration of the nutritional quality of the food
supply in policy objectives across sectors, to create a framework for policy coherence across sectors relating to the food supply
Changing perspectives on the internationalization of R&D and innovation by multinational enterprises: a review of the literature
Internationalization of R&D and innovation by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) has undergone a gradual and comprehensive change in perspective over the past 50 years. From sporadic works in the late 1950s and in the 1960s, it became a systematically analysed topic in the 1970s, starting with pioneering reports and âfoundation textsâ. Our review unfolds the theoretical and empirical evolution of the literature from dyadic interpretations of centralization versus decentralization of R&D by MNEs to more comprehensive frameworks, wherein established MNEs from Advanced Economies still play a pivotal role, but new players and places also emerge in the global generation and diffusion of knowledge. Hence views of R&D internationalization increasingly rely on concepts, ideas and methods from IB and other related disciplines such as industrial organization, international economics and economic geography. Two main findings are highlighted. First, scholarly research pays an increasing attention to the network-like characteristics of international R&D activities. Second, different streams of literature have emphasized the role of location- specific factors in R&D internationalization. The increasing emphasis on these aspects has created new research opportunities in some key areas, including inter alia: cross-border knowledge sourcing strategies, changes in the geography of R&D and innovation, and the international fragmentation of production and R&D activities
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